钾长石粉酸浸除铁的实验研究

在利用钾长石粉合成沸石分子筛和制取碳酸钾技术中，铁的存在会降低沸石的白度。对北京平谷、天津蓟县、内蒙白云鄂博三地钾长石粉进行硫酸酸浸除铁实验，获得最大铁浸出率分别为88．6％、93．2％和64．6％，且前两地钾长石粉中铁的浸出行为相似，酸浸除铁效果均优于白云鄂博钾长石粉。采用正交实验法研究硫酸浓度、酸浸温度和时间对除铁效果的影响，表明三者对不同地区钾长石粉酸浸除铁效果的影响程度各不相同。钾长石酸浸除铁反应开始时，铁的溶解极快，反应速率主要由化学反应控制；其后溶解相对缓慢，反应速率则由扩散作用控制。     

“麦莎”远距离台风暴雨的排熵指数分析

对2005年8月5日山东省一次远距离台风暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。从引起远距离台风暴雨的几个因素,分析此次山东地区强降水过程与台风“麦莎”及中纬度西风带系统的关系,判别台风暴雨的类型;应用耗散结构理论,分析了排熵指数与远距离台风暴雨区的关系。结果表明：该次暴雨过程是在远距离台风（0509号“麦莎”台风）和西风槽相互作用下产生的;非纬向的高、低空急流对本次暴雨过程起着重要作用;负熵变区（IRE〈0）对应着暴雨区,负熵变区的汇合反映远距离台风暴雨的落区,排熵指数对远距离台风暴雨分析预报有一定的指示作用。     

生物去除地下水中硫酸盐的实验研究

使用平皿夹层厌氧法分离得到纯化的硫酸盐还原菌,通过对比封口、敞口两种情况下细菌培养过程中产生的现象和细菌的生长曲线,表明SRB并非严格的厌氧菌,能耐受一定浓度的环境溶解氧.将该菌用于去除溶液中的SO42-,发现SRB在还原SO42-的过程中,随着SO42-去除率的增加,溶液的pH值会减小,而当SO42-去除率降低时,溶液的pH有增加的趋势;COD/SO42-比值对SO42-的去除率有很重要的影响,在封口情况下,COD/SO42-=0.75时SO42-的最大去除率约为48.60%,COD/SO42比值增加至2.5时,SO42-最大去除率可以达到89.72%,要达到SO42-高去除率,必须增加COD/SO42-比值.     

硫铝酸盐水泥去除微污染水体中磷的性能及机理

微污染湖泊、水库等水体中磷的去除已成为水质研究的主要方向.磷是造成水体富营养化的关键因素,其浓度较低时即可导致水体富营养化与水华的发生,许多除磷方法对低浓度磷的去除效果不佳.因此,我们从22种天然矿物、火山灰质材料和水硬性材料中,筛选出了能高效去除低浓度磷的硫铝酸盐水泥(代号R.SAC 42.5,简称R),该材料在中性...     

THE REMOVAL OF Zn,Cd,Pb,AND Cu IN THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY

The waters with salinity from 10 to 23 comprise the main removal region of ion and particulateforms of heavy metals in the Changjiang estuary.The positive correlationships between Zn,Cd,Pb,Cuand the reciprocal of transparency,COD and chlorophyll-a showed that the removal of heavy metalsclosely correlate with the distribution of suspensions,the adsorption of organic materials and theassimilation by organisms.The removal of heavy metals in the Changjiang estuary water were consistentwith the sedimentation rate of the sediments in these waters,sediment types and the distributions ofheavy metals contents in the sediments.     

基于热红外遥感技术的腾冲地区地热异常区温度反演研究

我国云南腾冲地区地热资源丰富,对地热资源进行定量的预测评价势在必行。而以遥感为手段进行地表温度的反演是地热研究的重要方法。本文利用ETM数据的Band6热红外通道,对工作区进行温度反演并通过消除阴影影响对反演温度进行修正使得温度差异较大的情况得到改善,减少了太阳照射造成的温差影响。结果表明,研究区地表温度分布主要有3个区域;通过温度反演结果与已知地热点叠加分析,选取14~21℃为进行地热预测评价的有利区间。     

不同气水比对两种人工湿地除污效果的影响

为比较不同气水比下各类型人工湿地的除污效果,选取火山石、炉渣和牡蛎壳作为人工湿地构建基质,研究两种人工湿地(表面流和潜流人工湿地)在不同气水比(0,2,4,6,8)下对污水的净化效果。结果表明:潜流型人工湿地对COD、NH_4~+-N及TP的去除率均高于表面流人工湿地;尤其是在COD的去除过程中,当气水比≥4时,潜流式湿地对污染物的去除效果显著高于表面流人工湿地。此外,适当曝气可显著提高人工湿地对COD、NH_4~+-N及TP的去除率,气水比为4时,表面流和潜流人工湿地对COD及TP的去除率显著高于气水比为0和2时的去除率。对NH_4~+-N而言,表面流和潜流人工湿地分别在气水比为8和6时达到最大去除率。气水比和人工湿地类型的交互作用对污染物的去除率影响不显著,在实际工程中可以忽略组合效应,致力于确定湿地类型及气水比各自对湿地除污效果的最优条件。     

Plowing paradise: snow clearing and urban solar radiation absorption

Abstract

Urban heat islands result from human modification of land surfaces. Snow cover reduces heating due to its reflectivity; however, urban snow is quickly plowed, thus altering surface radiative properties. The goal of this study was to evaluate the extent to which municipal snow removal affects the magnitude of solar input associated with changes in the radiation balance. Incoming and reflected shortwave radiation, surface radiating temperature, air temperature, and snow depth were measured with portable devices at eight sites in Syracuse, New York. Sites were classified as cleared, undisturbed, or snow piles. Measurements were taken following fresh snowfall, and continuing until snow had melted. A HOBO weather station provided hourly baseline conditions. Longevity of snow varied across snow site types, with greater persistence when in piles and on open areas. Albedo was reduced and surface temperatures were higher over cleared areas. The difference between absorbed energy due to clearing was quantified using an albedo regression model for undisturbed sites and comparing these to average reflectivity of cleared surfaces. The magnitude difference over the study period ranged from 841 million to 1670 million MJ. Snow plowing is therefore a significant source of additional energy that enhances the winter urban heat island.