岩石铷-锶和钐-钕同位素标准物质的研制

通常样品的87Sr/86Sr和143Nd/144Nd同位素比值分析采用SRM987、JNdi-1作为标准物质,它们分别是纯的碳酸盐和氧化物,适用于监控质谱测试过程。中国现有的钐-钕地质和铷-锶年龄标准物质,分别为玄武岩和钾长石,它们与很多地质样品的基质存在差别。仅有这两种基质的标准物质不能有效地监控不同地质样品Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素分析过程,因此研制不同岩性的Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素标准物质具有重要现实意义。本文采集中国典型地区的橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩作为候选物,严格按照《一级标准物质技术规范》（JJF 1006—1994）和《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》（JJF 1343—2012）等相关标准物质国家计量技术规范和国家标准,研制了橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩铷-锶、钐-钕同位素标准物质（编号为GBW04139、GBW04140、GBW04141）,其中橄榄岩标准物质适用于高Mg、Fe,低Rb、Nd含量样品的分析,榴辉岩和花岗岩标准物质适用于含有难溶副矿物的岩石样品的分析。每个标准物质具有6个特性量值,Rb、Sr、Sm和Nd含量分布分别为0.16~64μg/g、12~560μg/g、0.1~3.2μg/g和0.3~15.3μg/g,87Sr/86Sr比值分布为0.70446~0.71309,143Nd/144Nd比值分布为0.51115~0.51267,同位素比值精度达到或优于同类标准物质。这些特性量值更接近实际样品,使用时将更加有效和方便。该系列标准物质可用于校准仪器和评价方法,并能有效监控实验室此类样品的铷-锶、钐-钕同位素分析过程。     

利用地震属性研究准噶尔盆地西北缘拐19井区下侏罗统三工河组沉积环境

在准噶尔盆地西北缘，寻找岩性圈闭油气藏已是至关重要的问题。但人们几乎还是用常规的手段来寻找岩性油气藏，没有实质性进展。本文是以利用宽方位角采集的地震数据为基础，对数据进行高保真资料处理和参考标准层的层拉平解释。利用前人的区域地质研究成果和钻井解释成果对侏罗系的沉积环境进行了精细的描述，确定了拐19井区在下侏罗统三工河组的出油层段附近的沉积环境由湖泊相－三角洲前缘相－河流相－湖泊相的演化过程。利用地震属性解释的结果也能较好地反映目标区的沉积环境变迁，并且与区域地质、测井解释结果相吻合，为寻找油气提供了很好的依据。由此得出利用地震属性可以进行沉积环境变迁分析，为油田寻找岩性圈闭及油气藏做出贡献。     

小波模变换技术在探地雷达资料中的应用

通过研究探地雷达信号的小波变换的模特征点的变化规律和特征,揭示了探地雷达信号奇异点和其小波变换模极值的关系.通过这些关系的研究,对小波各级分解的模特征点进行变频域处理.最后对处理后的地质雷达信号,利用非线性最小二乘方法求解李氏指数,从而进行地质体边界的检测.无论从理论模型的论证还是实际资料的处理都取得了较好的结果.     

Development of Geological Data Warehouse

Data warehouse (DW), a new technology invented in 1990s, is more useful for integrating and analyzing massive data than traditional database. Its application in geology field can be divided into 3 phrases: 1992-1996, commercial data warehouse (CDW) appeared; 1996-1999, geological data warehouse (GDW) appeared and the geologists or geographers realized the importance of DW and began the studies on it, but the practical DW still followed the framework of DB; 2000 to present, geological data warehouse grows, and the theory of geo-spatial data warehouse (GSDW) has been developed but the research in geological area is still deficient except that in geography. Although some developments of GDW have been made, its core still follows the CDW-organizing data by time and brings about 3 problems: difficult to integrate the geological data, for the data feature more space than time; hard to store the massive data in fifferent levels due to the same reason; hardly support the spatial analysis if the data are organized by time as CDW does. So the GDW should be redesigned by organizing data by scale in order to store mass data in different levels and synthesize the data in different granularities, and choosing space control points to replace the former time control points so as to integrate different types of data by the method of storing one type data as one layer and then to superpose the layers. In addition, data cube, a wide used technology in CDW, will be no use in GDW, for the causality among the geological data is not so obvious as commercial data, as the data are the mixed result of many complex rules, and their analysis needs the special geological methods and software; on the other hand, data cube for mass and complex geo-data will devour too much store space to be practical. On this point, the main purpose of GDW may be fit for data integration unlike CDW for data analysis.     

硫化物矿物标准物质的研制

研制的黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿４个标准物质是国内首次成功研制的硫化物矿物成分分析标准物质,样品采用重选,磁选和电磁选等选矿技术提纯矿物,获得纯度大于９５％的单矿物样品。黄铁矿和闪锌矿用棒磨机少量多级粉碎至０．１４７ＭＭ,方铅矿和黄铜矿用于小型玛瑙球磨机粉碎至０．０９７ＭＭ。经单因素方差分析检验,均匀性符合要求,采用小包装在干燥,充氩气气氛中保存样品,使样品稳定性有足够保证。连续４年定期监测了     

太平洋多金属结核及沉积物标准物质研制

太平洋多金属结核及深海沉积物标准物质,ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２,３,４个样品已研制完成。ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２采自太平洋ＣＣ区,ＧＳＭＳ－３采自中太平洋海盆（ＣＰ区）。原样被加工成－２００目（７４μｍ）的均匀粉未,其均匀性采用高精度的Ｘ射线荧光光谱法检测。样品的特性值采用国内外多实验室协同分析的方式定值,有包括台湾大学在内的１４个国内实验室和１８个国外实验室参加了合作分析。测试组分分别达７９和８１个,定值组分６３个。全组分的百分总和分别为：９９．７％,９９．５％,９９．８％和９９．７％。这４个标准物质已于１９９７年被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质,序号分别为ＧＢＷ０７２９５,ＧＢＷ０７２９６,ＧＢＷ０７３１５和ＧＢＷ０７３１。     

A New Reference Material for Tritium Organic Molecules in Sediment: Results of an International Intercomparison Exercise

Solid matrix ³H reference materials are challenging to prepare given the volatile nature of ³H and are often unrepresentative of the range of ³H forms that may be encountered during routine analysis. As a result, few ³H reference materials are currently available, undermining verification of analytical techniques for environmental ³H measurement. To address this, an International Working Group on Organically‐Bound Tritium Analysis determined to produce a tritium natural matrix reference material (NMRM). The reference material comprises marine sediment blended with sewage sludge contaminated with ³H‐organic species arising from authorised discharges from a radiopharmaceutical manufacturing site. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ³H species have persisted in the environment over three decades providing valuable supporting data to underpin the characterisation of the NMRM. The preparation and characterisation of the NMRM are described along with the subsequent application of the reference material in an international intercomparison exercise involving nineteen laboratories from nine countries. A reference value of 168 ± 22 Bq kg^?1 was derived from the data arising from the proficiency test.     

深基础护坡桩的设计与施工中的几个问题

着重介绍了间隔式钻孔灌注桩在挡土护坡技术中的应用方法，设计时的主要参考依据，计算土压力理论的应用原则以及施工中需注意的几个问题，为进行深基础挡土护坡的工程提供了部分参考依据。     

Determination of Zirconium, Niobium, Hafnium and Tantalum at ng g-1 Levels in Geological Materials by Direct Nebulisation of Sample HF Solution into FI-ICP-MS

We have developed a rapid and accurate method to determine Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta (denoted as HFSE) in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry fitted with a flow injection system (FI-ICP-MS). The method involves sample decomposition by HF followed by HF dissolution of HFSE coprecipitated with insoluble M and Ca fluoride residues formed during the initial HF attack. This HF solution was directly nebulized into an ICP mass spectrometer. An external calibration curve method and an isotope dilution method (ID) were applied for the determination of Nb and Ta, and of Zr and Hf, respectively. Recovery yields of HFSE were > 96% for peridotite, basalt and andesite compositions, apart from Zr and Hf for peridotite (> 85%). No matrix effects for either signal intensities of HFSE or isotope ratios of Zr and Hf were observed in basalt, andesite and peridotite solutions down to a dilution factor of 100. Detection limits in silicate rocks were 40, 2, 1 and 0.1 ng g-1 for Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta, respectively. This technique required only 0.1 ml of sample solution, and thus is suitable for analysing small and/or precious samples such as meteorites, mantle peridotites and their mineral separates. We also present newly determined data for the Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta concentrations in USGS silicate reference materials DTS-1, PCC-1, BCR-1, BHVO-1 and AGV-1, GSJ reference materials JB-1, -2, -3, JA-1, -2 and -3, and the Smithsonian reference Allende powder.     

基于三点击实法的压实度评估方法

基于三点击实法的基本原理,提出了压实度的评估方法。该方法考虑了击实试样初始含水率与碾压现场含水率的误差,得到不同误差组合下的真实压实度,并由此得到真实压实度的取值范围、真实压实度大于某个临界值或设计指标的概率及近似压实度相比于真实压实度偏大或偏小的概率。该方法可获得压实度更加详细的信息,有利于对施工质量作出准确判断。