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101.
太湖梅梁湾中碱性磷酸酶的活性及其与藻类生长的关系 总被引:22,自引:12,他引:22
通过对1998年5月-1999年5月的太湖梅梁湾水体中碱性磷酸酶活性及其它水化学因子的同步实地监测,初步探讨了富营养化较严重的太湖梅梁湾湖区的碱性磷酸酶活性的时空变化规律及其与藻类水华的相关性.研究表明,水体中各种形态磷之间的转化非常快.在磷的循环、转化过程中,碱性磷酸酶的作用至关重要.太湖梅梁湾各采样点水体中碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速率(Vmax)的年际变化有着显著的规律性,各点位在春季(3-4月)及夏季(7-8月)均分别出现峰值,与水体中水华出现的峰值相吻合.尤其在水体中水华暴发前的4月份,各采样点中的碱性磷酸酶的活性急剧增加,其Vmax均为年内的最大值或接近最大值,预示着水体中其它形态磷的转化速率加快,为水华的形成提供了充足的活性磷.水体中特异性碱性磷酸酶活性(总碱性磷酸酶活性/Chl.a)与水体中的PO43-存在着较好的负相关.尤其是在春季相关性更加显著,可达-0.9以上;夏季太湖梅梁湾水华暴发时,水体中的磷酸盐浓度远低于碱性磷酸酶的激发阈值,藻类体中的酶被诱导大量产生,从而使得水体中碱性磷酸酶的数量、活性急剧增加,达到较高的水平.这种短时间的有机质快速降解以及由此导致的营养盐释放,维持了水体中藻类的生长. 相似文献
102.
凡纳滨对虾-缢蛏生态循环养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子相关性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究凡纳滨对虾(Litoperaaeus vannamei)与缢蛏(Siaoraovacula constricta)生态循环养殖过程中浮游植物群落结构及其与水质因子变化特征之间的相关性,本实验于2018年6月至11月在宁波市鄞州区椿霖养殖场对虾蛏循环养殖池塘中水质及浮游植物的动态开展了逐月采样监测,分析了养虾塘与养蛏塘中的浮游植物群落结构变化及水质因子变动。结果显示:(1)对虾养殖期间共鉴定出6个门101种浮游植物(包含9个未定种),从种的数量上来看,硅藻门>甲藻门>绿藻门>蓝藻门>裸藻门>隐藻门,其中包含优势种14种,养殖初期优势种为硅藻门的新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriu)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)等,随后甲藻门的海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)和绿藻门的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)等逐渐占据优势,后期仍以硅藻门为主要优势种。(2)浮游植物的丰度介于6.8×105-2.5×108cell/L,生物量为2.04-65.72... 相似文献
103.
MOHAMED NAJIB ZAGHLOUL SALVATORE CRITELLI FRANCESCO PERRI GIOVANNI MONGELLI VINCENZO PERRONE MAURIZIO SONNINO MAURICE TUCKER MARIANGELA AIELLO CATERINA VENTIMIGLIA 《Sedimentology》2010,57(2):312-350
The Middle to Upper Triassic redbeds at the base of the Ghomaride and Internal ‘Dorsale Calcaire’ Nappes in the Rifian sector of the Maghrebian Chain have been studied for their sedimentological, petrographic, mineralogical and chemical features. Redbeds lie unconformably on a Variscan low‐grade metamorphic basement in a 300 m thick, upward fining and thinning megasequence. Successions are composed of predominantly fluvial red sandstones, with many intercalations of quartzose conglomerates in the lower part that pass upwards into fine‐grained micaceous siltstones and massive mudstones, with some carbonate and evaporite beds. This suite of sediments suggests that palaeoenvironments evolved from mostly arenaceous alluvial systems (Middle Triassic) to muddy flood and coastal plain deposits. The successions are characterized by local carbonate and evaporite episodes in the Late Triassic. The growth of carbonate platforms is related to the increasing subsidence (Norian‐Rhaetian) during the break‐up of Pangea and the earliest stages of the Western Tethys opening. Carbonate platforms became widespread in the Sinemurian. Sandstones are quartzose to quartzolithic in composition, testifying a recycled orogenic provenance from low‐grade Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks. Palaeoweathering indices (Chemical Index of Alteration, Chemical Index of Weathering and Plagioclase Index of Alteration) suggest both a K‐enrichment during the burial history and a source area that experienced intense weathering and recycling processes. These processes were favoured by seasonal climatic alternations, characterized by hot, episodically humid conditions with a prolonged dry season. These climatic alternations produced illitization of silicate minerals, iron oxidation and quartz‐rich red sediments in alluvial systems. The estimated burial temperature for the continental redbeds is in the range of 100 to 160 °C with lithostatic/tectonic loading of ca 4 to 6 km. These redbeds can be considered as regional petrofacies that mark the onset of the continental rift valley stage in the Western Pangea (Middle Triassic) before the opening of the western part of Tethys in the Middle Jurassic. The studied redbeds and the coeval redbeds of many Alpine successions (Betic, Tellian and Apenninic orogens) show a quite similar history; they identify a Mesomediterranean continental block originating from the break‐up of Pangea, which then played an important role in the post‐Triassic evolution of the Western Mediterranean region. 相似文献
104.
地壳早期演化研究的主题是探讨早期大陆形成、生长和再循环的地质过程及其地球化学和地球物理模式。由于陆上古老岩石分布极为有限,围绕着陆壳生长速率的争论持续了30多年。地球化学家基于陆壳从地幔萃取而成并导致被萃取后的地幔在地球化学上产生亏损的认识,提出了许多重要的大陆形成、生长、再循环模式。近年来发展起来的高精度MC ICPMS分析技术,使单颗粒锆石Lu Hf同位素系统分析为评价早期地壳演化提供了更多的信息和更为可靠的证据。不同大陆早前寒武纪地壳及地幔地球物理和地球化学状态研究表明,陆壳再循环作用、壳—幔以及壳内(如古老的地壳重熔作用及其与相对较新的地壳发生广泛的混合作用)相互作用是早期大陆演化的重要地质过程。 相似文献
105.
106.
This study explores the variations in household participation rates in recycling projects implemented in urban and suburban communities. A causal model is developed to compare the demographic attributes of residents, their awareness of the recycling programs, their environmental attitudes, and their overall willingness to recycle. The model is assessed by Linear Structural Equations Methodology (LISREL). The results suggest that household recycling behavior is not consistent across communities due primarily to variations in demographic characteristics of residents and their evaluation of program policies. 相似文献
107.
Justine Perry T. Domingo Mikaël Attal Simon M. Mudd Bryne T. Ngwenya Carlos Primo C. David 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(13):2632-2655
An important gap in the management of land erosion in mining-affected areas is the understanding of the entire sediment routing system and the links between sources and storage at the catchment scale. In this study, we examine sediment delivery and its seasonality in the nickel mining-affected Santa Cruz and Pamalabawan catchments in the Philippines. We monitored discharge, suspended sediment concentrations and suspended sediment loads across 13 sub-catchments with contrasting degrees of mining influence from June 2018 to July 2019. First, we show the importance of the size of the area that has been physically disturbed within our sub-catchments, with as little as 10–22% of relative disturbance area being enough to generate four-fold to eight-fold increase in the sediment yield relative to less disturbed and pristine areas. We found that sub-catchments with > 10% disturbance exhibit the highest sediment yields (15.5 ± 44.7 t km−2 d−1) compared with sub-catchments with < 10% disturbance (3.6 ± 17.7 t km−2 d−1) and undisturbed catchments (2.0 ± 5.7 t km−2 d−1). We also show that sediment flushing predominantly occurs in the most disturbed sub-catchments at the onset of the wet season. A small number of flood events transports the bulk of the sediment, with hysteresis effects being most pronounced in disturbed areas. Lastly, we show that floodplain sediment recycling exerts a key control on sediment delivery at both reach and catchment scales, with the relative contribution of floodplain sources to the sediment budget becoming dominant in the latter stages of the wet season- up to 89% of the total sediment export per storm event. This study highlights the importance of both degree of disturbance and sediment pathways in controlling sediment transport in mining-disturbed areas, and that considering the entire sediment routing system including intermediate stores is crucial to optimizing existing and future measures against siltation and potential contamination of trace metals and metalloids downstream of mining areas. 相似文献
108.
俯冲工厂和大陆物质的俯冲再循环研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
板块的俯冲系统可以比拟为一个工厂。再循环研究强调对俯冲物质各种组分的行为、去向的追踪和定量分析。沉积物俯冲和俯冲侵蚀作用导致陆壳物质返回地幔,初步估算表明,大陆物质返回地幔的速率与岩浆活动导致陆壳生长的速率在数量上大体相当,晚近时期陆壳的净增长速率可能近于零。大洋岛玄武岩地化特征上的多样性提示,沉入下地幔的板片可能从深部卷入地幔柱的源区。俯冲再循环过程对地壳、地幔的动力学和演化产生深刻影响。 相似文献
109.
IN~crIONInvestigation of physical oceanography in the sleuth China Sea can be traced back tO the early17th century. America, England, Japan and Russia all carried out investigations in the sea. Butthe survey areas were limited and the data were scrappy. After entering this century big progresshas been achieved in the investigation of the sea both in the scale of survey and the depth ofstudy. So far the papers such as "Wind and drift currents in the mouth China Sea" (Dale, 1956)and "Phys… 相似文献
110.
Scott M. McLennan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(3-4):683-724
In order to understand the evolution of the crust-mantle system, it is important to recognize the role played by the recycling of continental crust. Crustal recycling can be considered as two fundamentally distinct processes: 1) intracrustal recycling and 2) crust-mantle recycling. Intracrustal recycling is the turnover of crustal material by processes taking place wholly within the crust and includes most sedimentary recycling, isotopic resetting (metamorphism), intracrustal melting and assimilation. Crust-mantle recycling is the transfer of crustal material to the mantle with possible subsequent return to the crust. Intracrustal recycling is important in interpreting secular changes in sediment composition through time. It also explains differences found in crustal area-age patterns measured by different isotopic systems and may also play a role in modeling crustal growth curves based on Nd-model ages. Crustal-mantle recycling, for the most part, is a subduction process and may be considered on three levels. The first is recycling with only short periods of time in the mantle (<10 m.y.). This may be important in explaining the origin of island-arc and related igneous rocks; there is growing agreement that 1–3% recycled sediment is involved in their origin. Components of recycled crustal material, with long-term storage (up to 2.5 b.y.) in the mantle as distinct entities, has been suggested for the origin of ocean island and ultrapotassic volcanics but there is considerably less agreement on this interpretation. A third proposal calls for the return of crustal material to the mantle with efficient remixing in order to swamp the geochemical and isotopic signature of the recycled component by the mantle. This type of recycling is required for steady-state models of crustal evolution where the mass of the continents remains constant over geological time. It is unlikely if crust-mantle recycling has exceeded 0.75 km3/yr over the past 1–2 Ga.Good evidence exists that selective recycling is an important process. Sedimentary rocks preserved in different tectonic settings are apparently recycled at different rates, resulting in a bias in the sediment types preserved in the geologic record. Selective recycling has important implications for the interpretation of Nd model ages of old sedimentary rocks and in the analysis of accreted terranes. Although there is evidence that continental crust was formed prior to 3.8 Ga, the oldest preserved rocks do not exceed this age. It is likely that the intense meteorite bombardment, which affected the earth during the period 4.56–3.8 Ga, coupled with rapid mantle convection, which resulted from greater heat production, caused the destruction and probable recycling into the mantle of any early formed crust.Although crust-mantle recycling is seen as a viable process, it is concluded that crustal growth has exceeded crust-mantle recycling since at least 3.8 Ga. Intracrustal recycling has not been given adequate consideration in models of crustal growth based on isotopic data (particularly Nd model ages). It is concluded that crustal growth curves based on Nd model ages, while vastly superior to those based on K/Ar or Rb/Sr, tend to underestimate the volume of old crust, due to crust-mantle and/or intracrustal recycling. 相似文献