Genesis of Geothermal Fluid in Typical Geothermal Fields in Western Sichuan,China

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids can reveal the genesis of geothermal systems and act as important references for developing and using geothermal resources.This study presents hydrogeochemical processes and thermal cycle mechanisms of typical geothermal fields in Western Sichuan.Based on the geological conditions in Western Sichuan,29 hot springs in three geothermal fields in the Batang and Litang areas were selected for hydrochemical and isotopic (δD andδ~(18)O) analyses.Furthermore,the temperature of the thermal reservoir was calculated and the upflow cooling process of the hot springs was analyzed.Most of the subterranean hot waters in Batang and Litang are of the HCO_3-Na hydrochemical type.The ion variation in Batang is primarily affected by water-rock interactions.There is a strong positive correlation between Na~+,B~-,and Cl~-in Litang,suggesting that they have the same material source.The Na~+and metaboric acid content is relatively high,which indicates that the groundwater runoff in both areas is relatively long-lasting,with reduced flow velocity;moreover,the metasilicic acid content is relatively high,which supports this conclusion.Both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes plot near the atmospheric precipitation line,indicating that groundwater recharge is functionally obtained from precipitation.The calculated thermal storage temperatures in Batang and Litang were 88–199°C and 96–154°C,respectively.The proportion of cold water mixing in Batang was 64%–67%,while that in Litang was 60%–68%.According to the calculated results,the initial thermal cycle depth of the Batang area (4540–4780 m) was greater than that of the Litang area (3150–3960 m).The enthalpy of the deep parental geothermal fluid in Batang was 1550 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 37 mg/L,while that in Litang was 2100 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 48 mg/L.     

Geochemistry of waters and brines from the Salinas Grandes basin,Córdoba,Argentina. I. Geomorphology and hydrochemical characteristics

This paper reports on hydrochemical features of diluted waters in the source areas and the brine end-members dominant in the playa of the Salinas Grandes Basin, Córdoba, Argentina. Special emphasis was placed on the study of the relationship between geomorphology and the resulting hydrochemical fractionation. Inflow is from springs and mountain streams which disappear before reaching the saline complex. The playa and intermittent saline lakes are mainly fed by groundwater flow and a few moderately saline and perennial springs. Conversely, ephemeral lakes are fed by atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, whereas small ponds are only fed by atmospheric precipitation. The absence of a clear linkage between geomorphological units and water types was evident in the source areas. Up to four types of water were recognized in a given geomorphological unit. From the sandflat downward towards the playa, the correspondence between geomorphological units and water types was clear, coinciding with a decreased hydrochemical heterogeneity. In this subenvironment, I have recognized two dominant types of water (SO ₄ ^2– –Cl^––HCO ₃ ^– –Na⁺ and Cl^––SO ₄ ^2– –HCO ₃ ^– –Na⁺), which can be considered the original members of the neutral brine in the playa (Cl^––SO ₄ ^2– –Na⁺ where Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ do not surpass 5 meq per cent), and an intermediate type in the mudflat (Cl^––SO ₄ ^2– –Na⁺ where the contribution of Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺ reaches up to 15 meq per cent). It seems evident that in the zone between the source areas and the sandflat, hydrochemistry is governed by chemical weathering. In stream floodplains and in the distal alluvial plain, close to the saline complex, the increase in water types as well as the increase of HCO ₃ ^– with respect to SO ₄ ^2– , were explained by the mixture of aquifers controlled by the Salinas Grandes-Salinas de Ambargasta fracture. In the saline complex, the more concentrated end-members are the result of evaporation of the two more frequent water-types in the sandflat subenvironment, and salt dissolution of ancient evaporite deposit.     

增/删点后的Voronoi图构造法研究

论述了在原Voronoi图的基础上增加点和删去点后生成新Voronoi图的算法.在增点过程中,针对新增加点后不满足Delaunay三角网特性的情况,利用最大最小角规则进行局部优化,根据优化后的三角网生成新Voronoi图;在删点过程中,针对删点的不同位置情况,修改相应Voronoi域,生成新Voronoi图.     

漳州地热普查区地球化学异常的讨论

本文以漳州热田为例,通过对该区的地质及构造特征、地下热水分布、水化学特征及土壤地球化学异常的分析对照,论证了化探工作在地热勘查中的应用效果。同时,对热田的化探异常成因进行了初浅的探讨。     

川西成都盐盆平落4井富钾硼溴浓卤水水化学同位素地球化学特征及形成机制

根据盐盆的演化历史，水化学组分Ｈ，Ｏ，Ｓ，Ｂ等同位素组成综合分析，该浓卤水具有海，陆相混合型卤水的特征，一些元素的富集是在成盐成卤晚期由外来卤水和地层水流入盐盆混合并溶解盐层，在蒸发条件下形成的。     

西藏搭格架地热区天然水的水化学组成与稳定碳同位素特征

为探究青藏高原搭格架地热区地热水、湖水、河水、冰雪融水等天然水体的水化学组成及物质来源控制因子,于2014年8月对该地区进行了考察和取样。利用紫外-可见光分光光度计和ICP-OES测定了水样中各阴、阳离子含量,利用Gas Bench连接同位素质谱仪测定了水样中溶解无机碳（DIC）同位素比值。结果表明,地热水中总溶解固体（TDS）含量为977.13~1 279.50 mg/L,阳离子以K+和Na+为主,阴离子以HCO3-和Cl-为主,湖水的TDS含量为77.81~810.94 mg/L,阳离子以Na+和Ca2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-(CO32-)和SO42-为主,地热水和湖水的水化学类型为HCO3-Na型;河水和冰雪融水的各离子含量较低,水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型;地热水的DIC浓度范围为9.2~15.4 mmol/L,δ13CDIC值为-9.09‰~-0.95‰;湖水的DIC浓度为1.1~9.7 mmol/L,δ13CDIC值为-8.84‰~-0.27‰。根据水化学Gibbs分布模式图判断出区域水化学特征主要受硅酸盐岩风化控制,以钠长石和钾长石风化为主,但是地热水的水化学组分受到硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩共同控制。通过碳同位素比值分析对区域主要风化过程中CO2的来源示踪表明,湖区周围的硅酸盐风化其碳源主要为土壤CO2,热泉区硅酸盐水解其碳源为地球深部CO2输入。      

玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境的Th／Hf—Ta／Hf图解判别

Th,Ta,Hf是一组耐熔强亲岩浆元素，由于地球化学性质的相似性，其相互之间的比值关系能将深部作用的地球化学过程较好地恢复出来，玄武岩类，是原始玄武岩浆形成的岩石的Ta/Hf及Th/Hf比值，能较好地反映其源区的Th,Ta,Hf之间的分异特征，在一般情况下，这一特征与某种确定的大地构造环境有密切关系和确定的因果联系，可用来判别玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境及其源区Th,Ta,Hf分异特征，本文根据典型大地构造环境玄武岩类的Th,Ta,Hf数据，提出了玄武岩类形成的大地构造环境判别的Th/Hf-Ta/Hf双对数图及判别方法。     

基于局部各向异性的非平稳多点地质统计学算法

基于平稳性假设的传统多点地质统计学在非平稳建模中存在不足.提出一种基于局部各向异性分区的多点地质统计建模方法,利用不同方向变差函数变程组合的玫瑰花图定量表征训练图像的局部各向异性,结合经典多维尺度分析和K均值聚类分析对非平稳训练图像进行自动分区,各子区域相互独立,分区内运用传统平稳性多点建模算法模拟,最终实现非平稳性建模.以裂缝网络建模为例,新方法较好地模拟并再现训练图像的非平稳性,对多点地质统计建模算法的非平稳建模具有很好借鉴意义.     

由三元系相图计算活度的方法Ⅱ.有二元同分熔点化合物的体系

利用熔化自由能 ,由具有同分熔点二元化合物的三元系相图计算活度。计算的范围遍及三元相图的液相面、液相线、共熔线和三元低共熔点     

锂光卤石X-ray衍射标准图谱

盐湖卤水提锂过程中需了解与掌握锂元素结晶析出与赋存状态,锂光卤石(LiCl·MgCl_2·7H_2O)作为重要的中间产物,其结构与种类均需鉴别,但由于缺乏锂光卤石的X-ray衍射标准图谱,使得常见的Xray衍射方法无法应用。利用相图原理,通过湿固相法制备高纯锂光卤石,然后对其进行X-ray衍射分析,从而提供锂光卤石X-ray衍射的标准图谱,为高镁锂比盐湖卤水提锂过程分析提供可靠的理论支撑。