从人力资源管理视角看注册测绘师制度

注册测绘师制度作为保证测绘成果质量、强化法律责任和全面贯彻落实《中华人民共和国测绘法》的重要举措,对测绘企业乃至测绘地理信息行业都有着深远影响。本文试从人力资源管理的角度进行解读,分析注册测绘师制度对人力资源规划、岗位设置和人力资源供求关系的影响,并结合自身的工作经验和所思所想提出了特定项目试点执业、建立信息共享平台和实行绩效管理等执业建议,以实现注册测绘师、测绘企业和测绘地理信息行业的协同发展。     

Evaluation of food competition and resource partitioning of recruiting fish with permanent residents in a seagrass habitat

ABSTRACT

Recruiting King George whiting Sillaginodes punctatus were studied to assess the potential for food competition with permanent resident fish species in a nursery habitat. Marine migrant post larval S. punctatus (<60?mm TL) consumed primarily harpacticoid copepods and had high (>0.6) diet overlap with permanent resident fish species Favonigobius leteralis and Stigmatopora nigra. Food electivity index indicated that S. punctatus juveniles preferred harpacticoid copepods and amphipods, while juvenile Heteroclinus adelaide and Gymnapistes marmoratus migrating to the nursery habitat targeted larger prey such as amphipods. Preference for larger prey by H. adelaide and G. marmoratus species coupled with differences in prey composition in the stomach was due to mouth size and feeding habits, resulting in different food preferences to S. punctatus. The whiting showed an ontogenetic shift in diet with early settlers (>60?mm TL) consuming less copepods and more amphipods, while previous year recruits (>120?mm TL) consumed polychaete worms. This study indicates that competition for food resources between the new recruiting S. punctatus juveniles and permanent resident juveniles is reduced through differences in temporal and spatial feeding behaviours, mouth morphology, and ontogenetic shift in prey consumption.     

粤北地区产铀岩体的铀矿化特征及其成矿机制探讨

粤北地区是中国花岗岩型铀矿最为重要的大型矿聚集区,其主要的产铀花岗岩体是诸广山岩体和贵东岩体,均为多期多阶段的复式岩体,主要以印支期和燕山期的花岗岩为主。粤北地区的铀矿床主要由诸广山的长江铀矿田、澜河铀矿田、鹿井铀矿田和贵东岩体的下庄铀矿田组成,根据铀的成矿特征可分为硅化带型、交点型和碱交代型。粤北地区的铀成矿流体主要来自于地幔,而不是以往认为的花岗岩浆期后热液,铀源主要是粤北产铀岩体的印支期花岗岩。因此在华南开展新一轮铀矿找矿时,跳出以往“沿带找矿”的老思路,聚焦于印支期岩浆作用与铀矿床的关系,并重点关注华南地区可能的地幔柱或热点区域。     

Studying Resource-Dependent Communities Through a Social-Ecological Lens? Examining Complementarity with Existing Research Traditions in Canada

This article explores the suitability of Ostrom and colleagues' social-ecological systems framework (SESF) for the study of resource-dependent communities in Canada. Through a broad literature about resource-dependent communities in Canada, three main approaches are identified, named staples research, rural development, and sustainability studies. Each of these research traditions is analyzed with regards to a common set of criteria – focus, scale, methods, treatment of institutions, and treatment of environmental dimensions. Research in each category is compared and contrasted with the SESF approach, to identify areas of overlap and divergence. Results indicate that the SESF is unlikely to provide additional benefit in terms of in-depth of social analysis, however, it does provide a unique contribution in terms of its coupled approach to conceiving social and ecological systems and its ability to operationalize these relationships through structured variables.     

“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的理论创新与应用

行政区划是国家治理体系和组织结构的基本形式,也是中央政府统治和管理全国各地的有效手段,是事关国家政治、经济和社会发展全局的重大战略问题。就“行政区划本身也是一种重要资源”的论断进行多视角的分析,提出“行政区划资源论”这一全新的理论解读。分别从空间、权力、行政和政策角度探讨行政区划的资源属性,并从行政资源的空间配置、生产要素的优化配置、权力资源的空间整合、空间资源的优化重组和政策资源的空间载体等多个角度剖析行政区划的资源效应,最后提出应当将“行政区划资源论”这一新论断积极应用至主体功能区规划、空间规划、空间治理体系建设等实践领域,完善目前行政区划设置和调整的思路与要求,建立健全与国家发展战略及综合配套改革相适应的行政区划体系和管理框架。     

对基础测绘"十四五"规划的若干思考

着眼于明确机构改革后基础测绘在自然资源管理业务格局中的职责定位、工作重点,以及如何按照新《测绘法》更好地履行"为经济建设、国防建设、社会发展和生态保护服务"的法定要求,分析了"十四五"基础测绘发展的基本形势,据此提出"十四五"规划工作的基本思路和主要遵循,明确了工作重点和相关措施,相关观点已经在"十四五"基础测绘规划编制工作中得到体现。     

食物系统认知进展及其地理学研究范式探讨

食物关系国计民生,中国食物系统面临诸多挑战,耕地资源趋减、环境压力临界、农业劳动力流失、消费需求快速转型等对食物系统功能提出更高要求,地理学的综合性和系统性思维为应对这些问题提供了有效的工具和视角。尽管食物系统得到世界银行、联合国粮农组织以及其他国际各方的高度关注,但目前国内对食物系统的研究却严重不足。论文对食物系统的认知进展进行了深入分析,归纳了食物系统的概念认知历程、类型、特征,梳理出食物系统的研究脉络,包括从“概念”存在到“方法”存在、从线性认知到系统认知、从经济活动到食物景观、从现象描述到时空嵌入等,以此凝练出食物系统的核心内涵与认知进展;在科学哲学范式、人地关系范式、空间范式和系统科学范式指导下,论文遵从“格局—结构—过程—机理”由表及里的研究脉络,进一步探讨了食物系统的时空格局、要素结构、演化过程和发展机理,尝试构建了食物系统的地理学研究范式,研究结论旨在为推动食物系统视角基础研究和实践应用提供参考和借鉴。     

Land Resource Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol Grassland Transects: A Perspective on Food Nutritional Demand

Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society. Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for regional resource sustainability. This study uses the data from farmer and herdsmen household questionnaires, statistical data, land use data, and other sources to construct a land resource carrying capacity (LCC) assessment framework, targeting the food supply and demand of residents in representative areas, specifically the typical grassland pastoral areas, sandy pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas on the Xilin Gol grassland transects. The three food nutritional indicators of calories, protein and fat were selected for analyzing the balance of land resource carrying capacity. We found that: 1) Along the Xilin Gol grassland, the main local food supply showed a shift from meat and milk to grains, vegetables and fruits. 2) From north to south along the grassland transects, the calorie intake increased gradually, while the intake of protein and fat was highest in pastoral areas and lowest in agricultural areas. 3) The overall land resource carrying capacity of the Xilin Gol grassland transects was in a surplus state, but the land carrying capacity of typical grassland pastoral area was higher than the two other types of areas. This study provides an empirical reference for the sustainable development of regional food nutrition.     

深海滑坡灾害的物质点法模拟

深海滑坡可以沿着斜坡搬运大量沉积物,是危害巨大的海洋地质灾害之一。评估深海滑坡的流滑机制并量化分析其对海底结构物的冲击对海洋资源的开发利用至关重要。采用物质点法对滑坡的滑动特性进行了总应力分析。设计了三组不同的土体、海床参数,展现了三种不同的滑动形态:延展、块体和扩张。随后复现了流滑体对部分暴露管线的冲击过程,并对冲击力的稳定值进行了分析,分析中考虑了流滑体的惯性、抗剪强度和静压力的影响。研究表明,物质点法能够用于模拟深海滑坡的流滑过程及其对海底结构物的冲击,可以为海洋工程中的实际设计工作提供服务。     

火星资源赋存状况及其原位利用技术研究进展与展望

太空资源的勘探及利用是深空探测的重要目的之一。火星是人类最容易到达和资源利用最为迫切的行星,对火星资源进行勘查和原位利用是未来火星载人探测及基地建设需要解决的重要问题。本文对火星大气资源、水资源、土壤与岩石矿物资源、风能与太阳能资源等可利用资源的类型及赋存状况进行了分析,制作了火星资源的全球分布图,并从资源分布的角度提出了未来火星资源探测及火星基地建设的首选区域。同时,本文也总结了火星原位资源利用技术的研究进展及问题,认为未来需要从以下几个方面开展进一步研究：加强火星资源的针对性勘查与评估;开发新的资源利用模式与技术;建立资源利用成本的综合评估模型;完善资源开发与利用相关的法律法规。