喜马拉雅运动：对川滇交界区古地理重建的制约和楚雄盆地的改造

简述了喜马拉雅运动三大变形幕的运动学特征并分析了在楚雄地区的反映。在剥去喜马拉雅运动的改造、把攀西地堑系和滇中海槽复原到建造时的位置后（楚雄盆地视作相对原地的），以“盆”“山”耦合的思路重塑了古特提斯分支洋盆的演化及这些盆地的发育。川滇交界区尽管发生燕山运动，印支期建立起来的“盆”“山”耦合关系直至喜马拉雅运动才脱耦。分析了脱耦的各种表现及第四纪内继承的新构造运动对盆地保存和油气成藏的不利因素。     

Maximum likelihood environmental calibration and the compute program WACALIB a correction

A recently discovered error in the part of the computer program WACALIB that implements maximum likelihood (ML) calibration has been discovered and corrected. The new version of WACALIB has been re-run with all the data-sets from which results based on the earlier version of WACALIB had been published. The new results suggest that ML regression and calibration perform as well or even better than weighted averaging (WA), at least when judged by the apparent root mean squared error. Further work involving cross-validation is required to evaluate more fully the relative performance of WA and ML approaches.     

质量平衡法——定量恢复新生代青藏高原造山作用

青藏高原的形成演化及其对东亚地形，水文分布，季风起源，全球气候变化，海洋化学组分改变等的影响，一直是全球地质学家关注的热点，然而由于定量研究方法的缺乏，一些关键性的问题一直悬而未决，质量平衡法的提出为解决这一困境提供了新思路，阐述了质量平衡法的原理，并以Metivier等对西藏高原地区，东亚，印度支那和印度板块地区的研究为例，介绍了质量平衡法的应用，同时对存在的问题进行了较为详细的讨论，为进一步研究指明了重点。     

Denudation rates of crystalline rock in the Huangling anticline of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in China since the Eocene

The processes and rates of the weathering denudation of the bare crystalline rock are important problems in the field of geosciences[1—6]. Essentially, the weathering denudation process is the process of rock destruction and transportation. In different …     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.     

Multiobjective analysis of chaotic dynamic systems with sparse learning machines

Sparse learning machines provide a viable framework for modeling chaotic time-series systems. A powerful state-space reconstruction methodology using both support vector machines (SVM) and relevance vector machines (RVM) within a multiobjective optimization framework is presented in this paper. The utility and practicality of the proposed approaches have been demonstrated on the time series of the Great Salt Lake (GSL) biweekly volumes from 1848 to 2004. A comparison of the two methods is made based on their predictive power and robustness. The reconstruction of the dynamics of the Great Salt Lake volume time series is attained using the most relevant feature subset of the training data. In this paper, efforts are also made to assess the uncertainty and robustness of the machines in learning and forecasting as a function of model structure, model parameters, and bootstrapping samples. The resulting model will normally have a structure, including parameterization, that suits the information content of the available data, and can be used to develop time series forecasts for multiple lead times ranging from two weeks to several months.     

Historical trophic evolutions and their ecological responses from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: Case studies on Longgan Lake and Taibai Lake

The evolutions of diatom floras and the total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in the historical period were reconstructed for two lakes, Longgan and Taibai in the middle Yangtze River,based on high resolutional fossil diatom study from two sediment cores and an established regional diatom-TP transfer function. The TP concentration in Longgan Lake changed slightly in the range of 36-62 μg/L and kept its middle trophic level in the past 200 years. The changes of diatom assemblages reflect a macrophyte-dominated history of the lake. During the nineteenth century, the lake TP concentration increased comparatively, corresponding to the increase in abundance of benthic diatoms. The progressive increase of epiphytic diatoms since the onset of the twentieth century indicates the development of aquatic plants, coinciding with the twice drops of water TP level. The TP concentration in Taibai Lake kept a stable status about 50 μg/L before 1953 AD, while diatoms dominated by facultative planktonic Aulacoseira granulata shifted quickly to epiphytic diatom species, indicating a rapid expansion of aquatic vegetation. During 1953-1970 AD, the coverage of aquatic plants decreased greatly inferred by the low abundance of epiphytic diatoms as well as declined planktonic types, and the reconstructed TP concentration shows an obvious rising trend firstly, suggesting the beginning of the lake eutrophication. The lake was in the eutrophic condition after 1970, coinciding with the successive increase of planktonic diatoms. The comparison of the two lakes suggests the internal adjustment and purification function of aquatic plants for nutrients in water. The discrepancy of TP trends in the two lakes after 1960 reflects two different patterns of lake environmental response to human disturbance. Sediments in Taibai Lake clearly recorded the process of lake ecological transformation from the macrophyte-dominated stage to the algae-dominated stage. The limits of TP concentration (68-118 μg/L) in the transitional state can be considered as the critical value between the two stable ecosystems. Further work will be necessary to provide more evidence from the sediments in more eutrophic lakes for the primary inference. The reconstructive TP level and the inference of aquatic plants from fossil diatoms in different lakes, as well as their comparison provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes in research regions.     

利用高分辨率影像建立三维虚拟校园——以"数字成都理工大学"为例

以数字化校园工程———“数字成都理工大学”为例,探讨利用航空影像和数字摄影测量技术,获取基础空间地理信息的方法及途径。并采用三维建模软件Cyber C ity对建筑物进行三维建模。而对于复杂地物,采用三维地理信息系统IMAGIS软件建立单个模型,从而实现了成都理工大学校区的三维可视化虚拟重建和漫游。实践证明,利用数字摄影测量技术和遥感影像,能够有效地获取大范围区域地表地物的三维信息,并快速地建立地面模型和三维景观。     

激光雷达点云树木建模研究进展与展望

三维树木几何模型是数字城市与数字林业工程的重要组成部分.针对点云树木建模,深入分析了基于广义(泛在)激光雷达点云的树木模型重建方法,提出了聚类思想建模、图论方法建模、先验假设建模、拉普拉斯算子建模与轻量化表达建模5类建模体系,归纳总结了不同建模体系在树冠枝干的细节表达、建模算法性能、树木模型的多层次细节表达、建模体系综...