WINDOWS下实时气象资料接收及运行状态监视系统

气象资料接收的好坏,不可避免地影响到气象预报质量。该软件系统能实时动态监视气象资料的接收情况,及时获得资料的缺、迟、错等信息,及时补报,有利于提高资料的完整性及预报准确率。     

西南极菲尔德斯半岛地壳形变监测的数据处理与分析

为了研究南极现代地壳运动,中国在西南极菲尔德斯海峡地区布设了形变监测网,并用ＤＩ－２０测距仪和ＧＰＳ定位仪对该网进行了监测。同时,中国也参加了ＳＣＡＲ组织的全南极ＧＰＳ联测。本文讨论了将形变参数纳入误差方程的水平形变数据处理方法,并对刚体平移、旋转、均匀应变几种典型形变模型在测边网平差中的运用进行了讨论。通过对经典自由网与秩亏自由网的基准分析,提出对形变参数以及其它附加参数和点位参数分别给定参考基准的方法。相应于上述方法,编制了一系列数据处理程序并将之应用于对西南极菲尔德斯海峡形变监测网的数据分析。本文还利用监测网应变分析原理,对ＧＰＳ监测数据进行了讨论和分析,结果表明,菲尔德斯断裂地区存在微小的断裂剪切运动,但位移量不大。     

沙地渗灌系统的自动监测与控制

通过沙地渗灌系统的应用实践以及与沟灌、漫灌进行的比较研究,着重介绍了其对水分实行自动监测与控制的功能;分析了其可向植物根群区直接供给水分和养分,减少水分蒸发,保持沙地良好水分状态的优越性。     

应用遥感图像提取煤层自燃信息时必须考虑的几个影响因素

煤层自燃是中国北方煤田中普遍存在的灾害现象,它不但烧掉了大量的煤炭资源,而且还污染了环境。实践证明,利用遥感影像判别火区位置、圈定火区范围和对火区进行动态监测,及时为灭火工程提供信息,是一项经济和社会意义很大的工作。由于受多种因素的制约,不同地区、不同波段、不同时相、不同空间分辨率的遥感图像,其影像特征（含与煤层自燃有关的热异常影像特征）都有较大的差异,因而从图像上分析和提取地物的热红外辐射特征时,需要考虑遥感图像类型、成像时间、地形条件、气象条件和岩性特征等因素的影响。本文着重讨论了地表辐射温度与上述各项因素之间的关系。     

专用方位控制网形变检测方案的设计

为检测专用方位控制网是否发生了明显变形 ,本文作者提出了方位边夹角灵敏度的概念 ,并推导了相应的公式。     

扩散波的时空反演与洪水实时预报技术

以扩散波方程描述天然河道中的洪水波运动规律。将数学物理反问题理论和离散反演算法与河道流量演算相结合提出了扩散波实时预报的方法。该法的特点是在求解流量场Ｑ（ｘ,ｔ）的同时反演计算扩散波波速Ｃ（ｘ,ｔ）和扩散系数Ｄ（ｘ,ｔ）,根据不断监测的新信息系列,直接利用原偏微分方程进行参数的实时校正和预报过程实时修正。     

Investigation into Factors Affecting Roadway Deformation in the Selby Coalfield

The introduction of roofbolting in the UK coal mining industry has been well documented and is an example of reinforcement design utilizing a design by measurement or observational approach. This has involved detailed monitoring of rock strata movements and rockbolt loads at a large number of sites. Analysis of roadway deformation monitoring information from across the Selby coalfield provided an ideal opportunity of assessing how geological and stress variations affect the stability of reinforced coal mine roadways. Statistical analysis of this data has confirmed the detrimental effects of maximum horizontal stress direction and relatively weak roof geology on the magnitude of roof deformation. Further analysis has led to the development of a roof lithology index for assessing the quality of the immediate roof geology and the use of geological hazard analysis for providing useful information for the development of a stability index for assessing support requirements of existing and future roadways. This investigation has also verified previous observations regarding mechanisms controlling roadway deformational behaviour and highlights the importance of the site-specific nature of reinforcement design.     

Modelling the dynamics and thermodynamics of volcanic degassing

 The rates of passive degassing from volcanoes are investigated by modelling the convective overturn of dense degassed and less dense gas-rich magmas in a vertical conduit linking a shallow degassing zone with a deep magma chamber. Laboratory experiments are used to constrain our theoretical model of the overturn rate and to elaborate on the model of this process presented by Kazahaya et al. (1994). We also introduce the effects of a CO₂–saturated deep chamber and adiabatic cooling of ascending magma. We find that overturn occurs by concentric flow of the magmas along the conduit, although the details of the flow depend on the magmas' viscosity ratio. Where convective overturn limits the supply of gas-rich magma, then the gas emission rate is proportional to the flow rate of the overturning magmas (proportional to the density difference driving convection, the conduit radius to the fourth power, and inversely proportional to the degassed magma viscosity) and the mass fraction of water that is degassed. Efficient degassing enhances the density difference but increases the magma viscosity, and this dampens convection. Two degassing volcanoes were modelled. At Stromboli, assuming a 2 km deep, 30% crystalline basaltic chamber, containing 0.5 wt.% dissolved water, the ∼700 kg s^–1 magmatic water flux can be modelled with a 4–10 m radius conduit, degassing 20–100% of the available water and all of the 1 to 4 vol.% CO₂ chamber gas. At Mount St. Helens in June 1980, assuming a 7 km deep, 39% crystalline dacitic chamber, containing 4.6 wt.% dissolved water, the ∼500 kg s^–1 magmatic water flux can be modelled with a 22–60 m radius conduit, degassing ∼2–90% of the available water and all of the 0.1 to 3 vol.% CO₂ chamber gas. The range of these results is consistent with previous models and observations. Convection driven by degassing provides a plausible mechanism for transferring volatiles from deep magma chambers to the atmosphere, and it can explain the gas fluxes measured at many persistently active volcanoes. Received: 26 September 1997 / Accepted: 11 July 1998     

地震前兆复杂性成因机理研究的讨论（一）：地震前兆复杂性的表现形式

通过国内外成功与失败的震例分析,介绍了地震前兆共性的一面,如在台网具有一定监测能力的地区,如果发生６级以上地震,震前总能或多或少地观测到异常现象。地震越大震前异常越多,分布越广,持续时间越长,异常幅度也较大,同时章着重对前兆复杂性的表现形式进行了较系统的归纳,整理,主要从以下几方面进行了分析,异常与地震关系的不确定性,主要表现在除了“有异常有地震”和“无异常无地震”的理论情况外,还存在“有异常无     

白山、丰满水库群实时洪水联合调度系统设计与开发

利用面向对象程序设计技术,在中文窗口平台下,设计开发了功能齐全、界面友好、操作灵活、信息丰富,具有很强实用性的白山、丰满水库群实时洪水联合调度系统,可迅速完成从实时遥测降雨信息的采集到两库产、汇流预报和洪水联合调度方案的制定、评价、选择的全过程,简要介绍了系统开发策略及系统设计中的一些主要关键技术及其实现过程,对开发其它水库及水库群防洪调度系统具有重要参考价值。