Patterns of development in tourist accommodation enterprises on farms in England and Wales

The spatial distribution of UK farm-based tourist accommodation is not known in detail, although this type of facility has been an important element in the growth of rural tourism and the most common option for farm diversification. A database of farms in England and Wales offering tourist accommodation has been prepared and the individual entries georeferenced to enable their locations to be determined with respect to selected Scenic Areas (Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Heritage Coasts and National Parks). Exploratory analysis of this database indicates a possible ‘neighbourhood effect’ in which the provision of farm-based accommodation within buffer zones immediately surrounding these designated areas has a higher level of penetration in the farming community than in more distant areas. Further research is outlined to examine the interaction between actors in farming and planning communities using the geographical framework presented here.     

Evolving Spatial Form of Urban‐Rural Interaction in the Pearl River Delta,China

Much of the development literature and the theory of urban transition have been based on an arbitrary division of production space into city and countryside. Despite growing recognition of the need for an integrated approach to urban‐rural relations, controversial issues related to the definition and measurement of the phenomenon remain unresolved. This case study of spatial transformation in China's Pearl River Delta analyzes with greater precision the geographic extent and functional attributes of a zone of urban‐rural interaction located outside and between major metropolitan centers. This zone has been the spatial focus of industrial and commercial development, although most of its population remains officially classified as “agricultural.” The peri‐urban zone was initially left behind by the central cities in terms of its contribution to the regional economy. After a decade of postreform development, this zone has moved ahead of the central cities and become the region's main destination for in‐migrants and foreign investment. The growth of the zone of urban‐rural interaction outside the central cities has absorbed a significant amount of the increased urban population, but it has not brought about a reduction of regional economic inequality because of the persistence of a backward economy in the periphery. Theoretical questions are raised concerning the validity of several fundamental assumptions underlying the conventional model of urban transition.     

湖南新发现的银矿床及找矿方向

湖南新发现的１０处理矿都是硫化物型矿床，可分为银多金属，银铅锌和银锑矿床。其中小七宝山，南风坳矿区已勘探，吊马垅矿区完成了详查，选矿效果都比较好，本文简要介绍了１０个新银矿床特征，指出了我省银矿找矿方向，说明湖南银矿的找矿前景是比较好的。     

Distribution of clay minerals in surface sediments from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas

Surface samples from the eastern Barents and south-western Kara seas have been analysed for clay mineralogy. Transport paths, the role of regional sources and local bedrock outcrops and the influence of hydrodynamic and glacigenous processes for clay distribution on the shelves are discussed in relation to central Arctic Ocean deep sea and sea ice sediments. Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya show significantly different clay mineral associations. Although smectite concentrations are fairly high, Franz Josef Land can be excluded as a source for central Arctic sea ice sediments, which are relatively rich in smectite. In the Kara Sea, smectite concentrations in coastal sediments surpass even the Franz Josef Land concentrations. The large cyclonic gyre in the eastern Barents Sea between Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land, which serves as a mixing zone between Arctic and North Atlantic water, is apparently reflected within the smectite distribution pattern. With the exception of Franz Josef Land, the area of investigation is typically low in kaolinite. In particular, coastal areas and areas north of Novaya Zemlya, influenced by the inflow of Arctic waters, show the lowest kaolinite concentrations. A high kaolinite occurrence within the Nansen Basin is most probably related to Franz Josef Land and emphasizes the importance of long-range downslope transport of sediments across the continental slope. The surface water circulation pattern in close interaction with local outcrops onshore Novaya Zemlya and locally restricted occurrences within the eastern Barents Sea significantly alter the illite dispersal pattern. Illite concentrations are lowest around Franz Josef Land. Chlorite is generally low in the area of investigation. Submarine outcrops and important chlorite occurrences onshore Novaya Zemlya bias its distribution pattern.     

滇西地震重点监视防御区中强地震潜在震源区的综合图像识别

本文利用滇西地区近些年来的地震地质、地球物理及地壳形变等方面的资料，经深入研究分析，最终选定了１２个较理想的特征参数，通过综合图像识别，在６４个研究对象中得到了２８个Ｄ类对象，占研究区总面积的４３％。其中有１６个对象历史上已有６级以上地震的记载；１２个为新判定的中强地震潜在震源区；１个为判定不稳定对象。最后给出了云南滇西地震重点监视防御区中强地震潜在震源区预测图。     

中国速报震级与国际通用震级的初步对比分析

本文主要利用１９８６－１９８７两年速报震级资料，统计分析了中国地震速报台网确定震级的精度，全国各速报台相对中国地震速报台网测定震级的偏差。同时统计分析了中国地震速报台网相对中国地震台临时报告、美国地质调查所震中初定报告ＰＤＥ和国际地震中心ＩＳＣ报告震级的偏差，并对所得结果进行了初步分析。     

福建山地气候生态特征及其宜茶气候带的划分

福建山地分布近海面至海拔2158米,立体气候特征极其明显。本文根据福建山地气候生态特征和茶树的生物学特性,将山地划分为:1.大叶种茶树最适宜、适宜、不适宜种植三个气候带;2.中、小叶种茶树最适宜、适宜、次适宜、不适宜四个气候带。并依此提出科学开发福建山地茶叶生产的五项关键技术措施。     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of earthquake-prone mega-city Shillong,India using geophysical mapping and remote sensing

ABSTRACT

The concept of seismic vulnerability is a yard-stick of damage estimation from a probable earthquake considering physical cum social dimension and enables a basis for decision-makers to develop preparedness and mitigation strategies. We aim at vulnerability assessment of the typical urban system of capital city Shillong situated on hilly terrain. High-resolution satellite imagery of Shillong facilitates analysis of building footprints, communication network, and open ground. Different building typologies are identified taking into account the building’s structural configuration assessed through a rapid visual survey of more than 15% of total residential households. Slope map demarcates the landslide-prone area through discrete elevation modelling. A methodology incorporating several parameters e.g. building typology, slope angle, shear wave velocity characteristics, geomorphology, and the number of occupants in correlation with a physical measurement of vulnerability is presented and is applied to estimate the dimension of vulnerability. Additionally, MASW survey indicates lithology up to 30?m deep along with the existence of stiff soil and rocks at different depths whereas resonant frequency is identified to be in the range of 6–8?Hz through H/V ratio. Integrating all, it is observed that more than 60% of Shillong city falls under moderate to higher vulnerability and the rest is less vulnerable.     

对当前清理整顿开发区的思考

近20年来,尽管我国开发区对改革开放和经济发展做出了巨大贡献,但是开发区过多过滥,引发了许多社会问题。开发区的管理体制不健全,各级政府为了各种利益违规乱设乱批开发区,是造成“开发区热”的主要原因。要彻底清理整顿各类开发区,建立和完善开发区管理的长效机制,以保证开发区的健康有序发展。     

Analyse isotopique de l'air piégé dans la glace pour quantifier les variations de température

Isotopic measurements in polar ice core have shown a succession of rapid warming periods during the last glacial period over Greenland. However, this method underestimates the surface temperature variations. A new method based on gas thermal diffusion in the firn manages to quantify surface temperature variations through associated isotopic fractionations. We developed a method to extract air from the ice and to perform isotopic measurements to reduce analytical uncertainties to 0.006 and 0.020$\text{‰}$ for δ¹⁵N and δ⁴⁰Ar. It led to a 16±1.5 °C surface temperature variation during a rapid warming ($\text{?70}\text{000}$ yr). To cite this article: A. Landais et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).