中国海域及邻区含油气盆地生物礁的对比研究

本文阐述了中国海域及邻区含油气盆地生物礁形成环境,分布、时代、与发育演化特征,进而提出三种成礁模式。指出在东海,渤海湾盆地存在发现礁油气田的可能性及工作建议。     

Numerical simulation of larval shrimp dispersion in the Northern Region of the Gulf of California

The trajectories of shrimp larvae in the northern part of the Gulf of California were studied from a Lagrangian point of view using a three-dimensional numerical model. The advection of particles was carried out over fortnightly periods starting at spring and neap tides. The northernmost region of the gulf has important shrimp fisheries and nursery areas have been located off the coast of Baja California at San Felipe (SF) and off the Sonora coast at Santa Clara (SC). Though the reproduction zone is believed to be south of these nursery areas, there is much that remains unknown about the zone and the routes used by shrimps to reach these areas. Passive and active simulations of shrimp larvae drift were carried out in order to study the possible areas of shrimp spawning and their migratory routes. The active migration schemes were based on assumptions that the larvae can be advected only: (1) during the day, (2) at night or (3) when the currents flow in the northward direction toward the nursery areas. It was found that the larvae in Santa Clara and San Felipe came from different production zones. No differences were found between the spring and neap tide scenarios except for the diurnal migration experiments. The distance traveled by shrimp larvae was always less than 40–50 km, except in the cases when the larvae selected the appropriate direction to the nursery areas when the larvae travel 140 km to SC and 95 km to SF.     

Importance of tropical cyclone heat potential for tropical cyclone intensity and intensification in the Western North Pacific

Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification.     

华南沿海地区的深度基准面

华南沿海地区，由于历史原因，目前存在的深度基准面繁多，关系复杂，为了解其含义，来源、历史沿革及革及其变化规律，本文作了较为详细的介绍，并进行了初步的推算，对海洋工程的规划，设计、施工等，具有重要的实际意义。     

A First Generation Stochastic Bioeconomic Analysis of Algal Bloom Control in a Coastal Lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Po River Delta)

Abstract. In this work we have developed a very simple stochastic mathematical model of Ulva spp. growth to quantitatively evaluate the economic costs of algal harvesting and the related benefits in terms of avoided'economic loss'of clam production due to an effective prevention of algal blooms and the consequent anoxic crises. Algal growth was simulated by means of a discrete time difference equation of Ulva biomass where the finite growth rate depends only upon water temperature. In order to explicitly include environmental variability, a seasonal autoregressive model calibrated on available data was used to simulate water temperature. Different harvesting scenarios were analysed in terms of the number of harvesting vessels employed and the threshold biomass of Ulva at which vessels start to operate. Costs of algal harvesting and disposal, as well as monetary damages resulting from the collapse of clam production as a consequence of algal blooms, were assessed by interviewing the managers of the Clam Fishermen's Union of Goro. A Monte Carlo approach was used to estimate the mean and total statistical distribution of costs and benefits of different harvesting strategies. Our analysis shows that the most cost-effective management policy is attained with 4–6 vessels operating at low algal density able to harvest as much Ulva as possible with intensive and short interventions at the beginning of the seasonal growth.     

实验室用超声地形测量仪

滩海工程模拟对地形测量的速度和精度要求很高。目前国内测量地形的仪器速度太慢 ,不能满足要求。实验室用超声地形测量仪 (以下简称地形仪 )可以在实验室大水池内快速、精确测量冲刷地形 ,测量精度达到± 2 mm,能在 1.2 m/ s的运动速度下以每厘米一个测点的密度进行测量。能绘出水下地形的三维立体图和二维等高线图 ,是目前国内水工实验室内独有的测量仪器。     

我国东海和南海沿岸的历史风暴潮探讨

根据我国丰富的地方史志资料分析,证实在我国频临东海,南海沿岸的历史风暴潮是由台风引起的,这与冬半年出现在我国北方沿岸的风暴潮不同。列出了历朝风暴潮按月的统计和重大历史风暴潮灾害表。对史志的记载进行了探讨,指出时间记载的可靠性,古地名的变迁:随同风暴潮记载的海象、气象、天象和物象的记述;以及由风暴潮引起的次生灾害。