A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.     

GPS广播星历参数拟合算法及其分析

利用地面观测资料定轨确定的卫星位置、进而计算出的卫星广播星历参数是进行卫星定位的基础。为了分析卫星星历拟合的精度和效率,推导了由卫星位置拟合GPS卫星广播星历参数的数学模型。并用算例分析了影响拟合效率的因素,分析了卫星位置有误差是对于卫星星历参数的影响。结果验证了所给出的算法的可行性和有效性。     

地理信息科学方法论的理论体系研究

地理信息科学是地理学的一个分支,其方法论研究受到科学哲学和地理学方法论的指导,同时也从大量的该学科研究成果、工程项目和软硬件产品中提炼的案例中总结和归纳而来。本文在本学科的时代需求和国家前瞻布局的背景下开展研究。首先阐述了地理信息科学方法论的哲学观和实用观,提出了研究中应该处理好的六个关系;其次,建立了方法论的结构体系,由地理信息本体论、六个科学方法和七个技术方法组成;再次,分析和论证了地理信息的本体特征及其与方法论的关系,最后讨论了地理信息科学方法论的创新机制和策略。     

单组广播星历精度分析及其卫星轨道拟合研究

计算了单组广播星历外推2h时间内的精度,分析了精度的变化趋势,并基于广播星历对切比雪夫多项式拟合卫星轨道的方法进行了研究。     

海洋三维遥感与海洋剖面激光雷达

本文从海洋与气候变化等重大前沿科学与应用对空间海洋观测系统的需求出发,基于当前国内外空间激光技术水平与前期海洋激光遥感的探索,提出了海洋遥感从二维向三维发展的紧迫性,并将海洋剖面探测激光雷达作为未来“海洋三维遥感”的主要技术手段。本文对近50年国内外激光海洋剖面探测技术的理论与应用、基础性关键探测机理问题,尤其是近10年来的试验性探索及其在多个海洋科学问题中的应用进行了综述。结合中国自主“观澜号”海洋科学卫星计划中海洋剖面探测激光雷达的系统论证与指标要求,提出了未来海洋剖面探测激光雷达发展路线图建议以及中国有望率先在空间海洋剖面激光探测领域取得突破的设想。     

Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China.     

我国高校遥感科学与技术专业现状分析

为了进一步研究新型交叉性学科——遥感科学与技术专业的建设与发展问题,该文对我国高校遥感科学与技术专业的现状进行了剖析。为适应遥感科学与技术专业人才的需求,我国已有28所高校开设了遥感科学与技术专业。此专业主要设置在理工类普通高等院校,并以测绘科学背景院校为主。不同的学科背景,专业培养目标各具特色,课程体系与结构设置差异较大。为深化遥感科学与技术专业的教学改革,科学合理地设置专业、建设课程体系,在专业的地区分布、设置院校、专业培养目标、课程体系与结构等方面尚需进一步优化。     

北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法

针对北斗导航卫星系统首创的GEO+IGSO+MEO混合星座设计,本文研究了根据不同星座,采取不同约束条件和数据处理策略的北斗卫星精密定轨方法,提出了一种针对北斗系统混合星座的分层约束精密定轨方案.该方案首先将北斗卫星分为非GEO(IGSO/MEO)和GEO两部分进行解算,利用GPS解算的公共参数对北斗IGSO/MEO精...     

经验加速度补偿对HY-2A卫星精密定轨的影响

针对HY-2A卫星定轨中存在系统误差的问题,该文提出了加入经验加速度补偿系统误差。为了获得HY-2A卫星的高精度轨道,采用星载DORIS距离变率数据探索了经验加速度对定轨精度的影响。探讨了1d、3d和7d作为经验加速度周期的定轨精度差异,分析了3d作为经验加速度周期时在径向、法向和切向3个方向设置经验加速度对定轨精度的不同影响。研究结果表明:HY-2A卫星在径向和切向不存在系统误差,而在法向存在系统误差,因而在法向设置经验加速度进行力学模型补偿能够取得较好的定轨结果;3d作为经验加速度的补偿周期较为合适,不仅能够减少解算参数个数,缩短计算时间,而且径向定轨精度可达到1.00cm,满足HY-2A卫星精密定轨需求。     

北斗卫星导航系统双差动力法精密定轨及其精度分析

针对GEO卫星切向轨道分量与双差模糊度强相关的问题,对经典双差动力法进行了改进,提出联合使用载波相位和相位平滑伪距实现北斗系统精密定轨,并从理论上分析了以上处理策略的可行性及对模糊度固定的影响,然后结合北斗系统精密定轨特点,推导给出了利用QIF方法实现北斗卫星双差模糊度固定的基本原理,实测数据分析表明:联合载波相位和相位平滑伪距,既可降低相关性,又可兼顾精度,定轨效果优于经典双差动力法;利用QIF方法能够取得一定的模糊度固定效果,但受观测条件限制,北斗卫星双差模糊度固定成功率整体不高,双差模糊度固定之后对轨道的改进作用有限。