基于区域差异类型的流动人口快速监测方法

改革开放以来,我国流动人口增长迅猛,但目前我国还缺乏对流动人口进行快速动态监测的有效方法与方案,特别是未能考虑我国流动人口的区域差异性,这已成为各级政府在进行科学决策和及时行动时的主要制约因素之一.本文尝试提出一种基于区域差异的我国流动人口快速监测方法,旨在应用流动人口区域差异的知识来改正流动人口监测样点网络布局方案和...     

快速交通导向下我国特大城市有机疏散的响应机制与路径

快速交通在发展过程中产生的时空收敛效应、产业人口迁往效应以及引致节点城镇有机生长和空间轴线发展,使得特大城市有机疏散的距离、形式发生了相应的调整和变化,开始从内部地域空间依次向外部地域空间进行平面型和立体型有机疏散,而且促进了城镇体系和城乡系统各种要素的流动和整合。由此,不仅实现了特大城市资源要素供给与需求的动态平衡,并且加快了城镇体系的优化和城乡一体化进程。     

The Cambrian metamorphic history of Tasmania: The Metapelites

The metamorphic complexes of Tasmania formed during the Cambrian (ca 510 Ma) as a result of rapid compression in a subduction zone setting followed by rapid exhumation, which brought various fault-bounded metamorphic complexes back to the surface in less than 5 Ma. The two highest grade complexes, the Franklin Metamorphic Complex, and the Port Davey Metamorphic Complex, experienced initial growth of metamorphic garnets at ～560°C, ～0.56 GPa. However, their subsequent metamorphic histories diverge, with the FMC displaying a marked increase in pressure (to 1.4 GPa at peak P/T), while the PDMC shows only a slight increase in pressure (to ～0.7 GPa). Both complexes show only a minor increase in temperature (～100°C) between initial garnet growth and peak metamorphic conditions. Rapid exhumation of these complexes can be accounted for by a slab-breakoff model. However, the difference in peak pressure between these complexes requires either continued subduction of the FMC while the PDMC had already begun its return towards the surface or that the subduction zone geometry resulted in significantly different pressures occurring contemporaneously within portions of the channel, which are not far removed from one another.     

外源Ca2+对藏药独一味幼苗速冷冻抗性的效应

 利用不同浓度CaCl₂喷施独一味两对叶龄幼苗,然后分别迅速置不同低温（4 ℃、0 ℃和-4 ℃）处理48 h,以28 ℃为对照,处理结束测定幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、细胞膜稳态性、抗氧化酶活性和膜质过氧化等指标的变化,旨在揭示外源Ca2+对提高独一味幼苗速冷冻抗性的作用效应,为独一味人工驯化栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,独一味幼苗对0 ℃及以上低温速冷冻表现较强的适应性。喷施15 mmol\5L-1的CaCl2能显著诱导增强独一味幼苗叶中SOD、POD活性,降低膜质过氧化程度,增强细胞膜系统的稳定性,有效改善独一味幼苗的速冷冻抗性,缓解速冷冻胁迫对幼苗的伤害,使叶绿素含量维持在较高水平,为适宜条件下迅速恢复生长奠定了良好基础。     

Real-time seismology for the 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China: A retrospective view

The devastating 05/12/2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M_w7.9) in Sichuan Province of China showed very few precursory phenomena and occurred on a fault system once assigned to be of moderate long term seismic risk. Given the existing coverage of seismograph stations in Sichuan Province, real-time seismology could have been effective in avoiding some earthquake damage and helping post-earthquake emergency response. In a retrospective view, we demonstrated that the epicenter can be located with 20 km accuracy using just two broadband stations with three-component, which takes only about 10 s after the onset of the earthquake. Initial magnitude is estimated to be M7 with the Tc measurement over first 4 seconds of P waves. Better magnitude estimate can be obtained within 2 min by modeling Pnl waves for stations about 500 km away where the S waveforms are clipped. The rupture area is well revealed by teleseismically-recorded >M5 early aftershocks within two hours after the mainshock. Within a few hours, teleseismic body waves were inverted to derive a more detailed rupture process and the finite fault model can be readily used to calculate ground motions, thus providing vital information for rescue efforts in the case where no real-time strong motion records are available. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-116-1) and National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006BAC03B00)     

港湾深槽骤淤的条件探讨

深槽骤淤指深槽底部在特定条件下产生的快速淤积,通常以浮泥形式出现.综合分析杭州湾、三门湾和象山港的地形地貌、水文泥沙及深槽固定剖面风暴前后或大、小潮期间的地形变化得出港湾深槽产生骤淤的基本条件:(1)有丰富的细颗粒物质的供应源;(2)迅速衰减的动力条件;(3)存在明显的负地形.三个条件必须同时得到满足,深槽才能产生骤淤.杭州湾泥沙来源丰富,终年悬沙浓度高,东试挖槽附近受长江冲淡水次级锋面和钱塘江冲淡水锋面影响较大,因此在一个大小潮周期内水动力条件减弱时挖槽处可产生骤淤.三门湾泥沙来源较丰富,正常天气的年份内潮滩处于缓慢淤积状态,而深槽处于冲淤基本平衡状态,但在风暴等灾害性天气下发生强烈的滩、槽泥沙交换,若风暴后处于中小潮汛期则深槽发生骤淤.象山港由于环境隐蔽,水清沙少,沿岸潮滩狭窄,缺少骤淤的物源,即使风暴作用后鹰龙山深槽也没有产生骤淤.     

渤中坳陷超压-构造活动联控型流体流动与油气快速成藏

渤中坳陷是东营组沉积期及其之后渤海湾盆地沉降-沉积速率最高的地区, 亦是晚期断裂活动最强烈的地区.较高的沉降-沉积速率产生了重要的成藏物质效应: (1) 持续的较快速沉降-沉积使东营组发育较深湖-深湖相泥岩并成熟, 从而使渤中坳陷发育沙河街组和东营组2套有效源岩; (2) 较高的沉降-沉积速率引起的压实不均衡及伴生的源岩快速生烃引起较强的超压, 超压对有机质热演化的抑制作用使沙河街组源岩生、排烃滞后, 从而使沙河街组和东营组在晚期同时保持在较有利的生、排油阶段, 这是渤中坳陷油气资源丰富和油气晚期快速成藏的物质基础.较强的超压和强烈的断裂活动决定了超压-构造活动联控型流体流动, 进而决定了油气幕式快速成藏过程和油气分布: 油气主要富集于新近系, 新构造运动控制油气分布      

城市快速轨道交通走出地面的思考

自世界上拥有第一条地铁以来,人们对城市快速轨道地上线特别是高架线存在着偏见,主要是在对城市环境和城市景观影响方面。文中从快速轨道的高架线对城市环境和景观方面的影响进行分析,阐明了城市快速轨道走出地面不仅仅是由于经济方面的原因,其对城市环境的影响可以控制在人们接受的水平,其高架线路也可以对城市景观起到强化的作用,城市快速轨道走出地面节省建设资金有利于快速轨道交通网络的形成,对解决城市交通问题和改善城     

涨潮急流引发断桩的分析

河口水动力因素复杂,涨潮急流造成施工困难,引发断桩事故,应该引起工程界的足够重视,本文进行了流速实测资料分析和基桩动力特性的计算,得出的结论,可供有关河口及近海工程建设时参考。     

南极冰盖与冰川的快速变化

近10年的观测研究表明,南极冰盖和冰川存在快速的变化阿蒙森海扇区的主要冰流系统正在迅速变薄,减薄趋势可上溯至内陆150km处;罗斯冰流出现了停滞或明显减速,有的流动方向发生了改变,引发冰流袭夺;南极半岛冰架大面积崩塌,补给冰川加速,冰川出现了跃动;变暖的海水进一步侵蚀了冰架,着地线附近底部冰层融化强烈。上述发现改变了南极冰盖缓慢变化的传统观点,并对今后的冰川动力学研究,冰流模型模拟,冰盖物质平衡研究及预测具有重要意义。