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101.
Costas Dounas Ian Davies George Triantafyllou Panayota Koulouri George Petihakis Christos Arvanitidis George Sourlatzis Anastasios Eleftheriou 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
Disturbance of the seabed resulting from bottom trawling affects ecosystem processes, such as the rate and magnitude of nutrient regeneration. The potential responses of the plankton community arising from such effects can be modelled, provided that reliable data on the effects on nutrient fluxes are available. In a north Cretan outer continental shelf and upper slope fishing ground (Heraklion Bay, Crete, Eastern Mediterranean) we applied a new field instrument which can simulate the passage of trawl groundropes across the sea floor and made direct seasonal measurements of the rate of dissolved and particulate nutrient releases resulting from seabed disturbance. These observational data were then integrated in a 3D ecosystem model. Results revealed that bottom trawling may trigger off considerable productivity pulses, in addition to pulses from the natural seasonal cycle. 相似文献
102.
利用滤波分析法对山东泰安地震台重力固体潮观测的分析表明,重力观测中存在大量高频扰动信号.通过与气象观测实况资料的对比发现,这些异常扰动信号除了受台风等热带气旋影响外,还明显与“冷空气”过境等区域强对流天气有关. 对泰安台JCZ-1甚宽频带地震仪观测资料的频谱分析和滤波处理进一步表明,区域强对流天气及台风对重力仪的影响频段均在1—8 s范围内,其中2—6 s区间影响最为显著; 强对流天气过程触发的扰动信号范围可以在1—16 s,但8 s后扰动信号对重力仪观测基本不造成影响,即重力仪对高频扰动信号的响应存在8 s的截止周期.JCZ-1甚宽频带地震仪的波谱分析还反映出扰动信号的动态特征,即强对流天气产生的扰动信号在发展、传播过程中,首先出现的信号频率较高,随着时间推移信号逐渐向低频演化,揭示了干扰信号传播的多普勒效应以及扰动信号激发源的移动特性. 相似文献
103.
Development of an operational rainfall data quality-control scheme based on radar-raingauge co-kriging analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
AbstractAutomatic raingauge data often serve as an important input to hydrological and weather warning operations. They are not only fundamental in quantitative rainfall analysis, but also act as the ground truth in warning operation and forecast validation. Quality control is required before the data can be used quantitatively due to systematic and random errors. Extremely large random errors and unreasonably small or false zero values can hamper effective monitoring of heavy rain. Yet both are difficult to detect in real-time by objective means. In an attempt to address these problems, a rainfall data quality-control scheme based on radar-raingauge co-kriging analysis was developed. The important threshold values required in the data quality control of 60-min raingauge rainfall were determined from a detailed analysis of the distributions of rainfall residuals defined as the arithmetic difference and the logarithm of the ratio between a raingauge measurement and its co-kriging estimate. The scheme has been developed and is in real-time use in Hong Kong, a coastal city of about 1100 km2 area with more than 150 raingauges installed. Geographically, it is located in the subtropics and dominated by heavy convective rainfall in the summer. As a basis of the quality-control scheme, the co-kriging rainfall analysis was shown through a verification exercise to be superior to those obtained by the Barnes analysis and ordinary kriging of raingauge data. The performance of the quality-control algorithm was assessed using selected cases and controlled tests, and was found to be satisfactory, with a high error detection rate for the two targeted types of error. Limitations and operational issues identified during a real-time trial of the quality-control scheme are also discussed.
Citation Yeung, H.Y., Man, C., Chan, S.T., and Seed, A., 2014. Development of an operational rainfall data quality-control scheme based on radar-raingauge co-kriging analysis. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (7), 1285–1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.839873 相似文献
104.
对易县地震台SS-Y型伸缩仪2014—2021年观测数据受环境干扰的5个典型事件进行异常分析,结合易县台形变山洞所处的构造应力背景场,并利用模型定量计算得出:①荷载干扰源对易县台伸缩仪观测数据造成的荷载应变量与干扰源的距离、荷载量有关并呈正相关;②易县台SS-Y型伸缩仪三分向中NS测项、NE测项受到荷载干扰曲线异常幅度... 相似文献
105.
利用台风“利奇马”过境浙江期间,岱山地震台、东阳地震台钻孔体应变数据,采用数据滤波和线性回归等方法,分析了这2个台站钻孔体应变对台风的响应特征。结果表明,东阳地震台受台风引起的低气压的影响,钻孔体应变与气压同步变化;而岱山地震台受低气压和降水的共同影响,钻孔体应变与气压在变化的相关性和同步性上均有差异。气压和降水导致钻孔体应变的变化量可以通过负载力学模型进行估算求解。 相似文献
106.
Zhao-Yong Xu Run-Hai Yang Bin Wang Jin-Ming Zhao Yu-Feng Yao Pei-Zhong Hua Shi-Rong Mei 《地震学报(英文版)》1998,11(6):737-744
A multi-functional high-frequency seismometer, a new instrumental system, is used for recording multi-point strain variations
of rock samples in the process of fracture development. The results indicate that strain in each point appears burst disturbance
synchronously besides a tendency variation before main fracture. The burst disturbance could probably be one of the short-impending
precursors before great earthquake. 相似文献
107.
The Shenandoah Watershed Study (established in 1979) and the Virginia Trout Stream Sensitivity Study (established in 1987) serve to increase understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical changes in western Virginia mountain streams that occur in response to acidic deposition and other ecosystem stressors. The SWAS-VTSSS program has evolved over its 40+ year history to consist of a temporally robust and spatially stratified monitoring framework. Currently stream water is sampled for water quality bi-hourly during high-flow events at three sites and weekly at four sites within Shenandoah National Park (SHEN), and quarterly at 72 sites and on an approximately decadal frequency at ~450 sites within the wider western Virginia Appalachian region. Stream water is evaluated for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium ion), acid anions (sulphate, nitrate and chloride), silica, ammonium, and conductivity with a subset of samples evaluated for monomeric aluminium and dissolved organic carbon. Hourly stream discharge (four sites) and in-situ measurements of conductivity, water and air temperature (three sites) are also measured within SHEN. Here we provide an overview and timeline of the SWAS-VTSSS stream water monitoring program, summarize the field and laboratory methods, describe the water chemistry and hydrologic data sets, and document major watershed disturbances that have occurred during the program history. Website links and instructions are provided to access the stream chemistry and time-series monitoring data in open-access federal databases. The purpose of this publication is to promote awareness of these unique, long-term data sets for wider use in catchment studies. The water chemistry and hydrologic data can be used to investigate a wide range of biogeochemical research questions and provide key inputs for models of these headwater stream ecosystems. SWAS-VTSSS is an ongoing program and quality assured data sets are uploaded to the databases annually. 相似文献
108.
Rainfall prediction is of vital importance in water resources management. Accurate long-term rainfall prediction remains an open and challenging problem. Machine learning techniques, as an increasingly popular approach, provide an attractive alternative to traditional methods. The main objective of this study was to improve the prediction accuracy of machine learning-based methods for monthly rainfall, and to improve the understanding of the role of large-scale climatic variables and local meteorological variables in rainfall prediction. One regression model autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) and five state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, support vector machine, random forest (RF), gradient boosting regression, and dual-stage attention-based recurrent neural network, were implemented for monthly rainfall prediction over 25 stations in the East China region. The results showed that the ML models outperformed ARIMA model, and RF relatively outperformed other models. Local meteorological variables, humidity, and sunshine duration, were the most important predictors in improving prediction accuracy. 4-month lagged Western North Pacific Monsoon had higher importance than other large-scale climatic variables. The overall output of rainfall prediction was scalable and could be readily generalized to other regions. 相似文献
109.
1 Introduction The landslides influences on the human society have become an environment difficult problem not able to be neglected, and according to the priority of harms, harms of landslides are only smaller than those from earthquakes in all sorts of natural hazards[1]. Landslide is part of rock mass, soil mass or their compound mass slides downward along a certain slid- ing surface under the actions of inner and external dy- namics, and it is one severe instability phenomenon of rock and s… 相似文献
110.