北斗伪卫星信号的室内多径传播特性

北斗伪卫星系统因其较强的抗干扰能力和灵活机动的组网能力可以应用于室内位置服务。多径效应是影响伪卫星定位精度的主要因素,因此,掌握北斗伪卫星室内多径传播特性是抑制多径、提高定位精度的前提。本文针对北斗伪卫星特有的信号体制,利用射线追踪法,研究了室内环境下伪卫星信号路径损耗、功率角度分布等多径特性参数,通过Wireless Insite软件,构建了大型商场的三维模型,在此基础上进行了仿真试验验证。结果表明,伪卫星多径数量在非视距条件下会急剧减少,且伪卫星多径分量以相近功率值分布在特定范围的水平方向角内;同时其衰落信道模型服从小尺度衰落,符合瑞利-对数正态分布,大尺度衰落与对数距离路径损耗模型相吻合。     

伪卫星多路径效应分形特征及其削弱方法研究

多路径效应是伪卫星应用在精密定位领域的一项主要误差源,本文从验证多路径效应分形特征入手,利用小波分析在研究分形及信号去噪方面的优势,研究了分形信号与高斯白噪声的模极大值在小波变换下表征的不同特点,针对静态环境下伪卫星的应用,提出一种基于分形理论的多路径误差的消除方法。通过设计试验进行精度分析,验证了本文方法的有效性,且该算法从信号自身的分形特征入手,不需要额外的先验信息,对环境等条件要求较低,比较适合在形变监测等静态环境下应用。     

基于抗干扰天线的远近效应抑制技术

分析了抗远近效应的目标——提高远近距离比,深入地总结了已有的解决方案及其优缺点,然后提出了利用自适应抗干扰天线来抗远近效应的方案,并搭建了半实物仿真平台。最后,通过实验证明这种结合抗干扰天线的方案有效提高了远近距离比,扩大了伪卫星增强系统的覆盖范围。     

伪卫星独立组网布局研究

为满足卫星导航系统由于某种原因暂时不能使用时的导航定位需求,本文利用伪卫星在大量仿真计算的基础上,针对空中及地面用户,设计了4星、5星、9星独立组网的布局方案。分析了其定位精度的分布情况以及随用户位置的变化规律。并将设计结果应用于局部地区,为实际应用提供了参考依据。     

Impact of GPS satellite and pseudolite geometry on structural deformation monitoring: analytical and empirical studies

Global positioning systems (GPS) have in recent years been increasingly used to monitor the deformations of large structures, particularly the deflections of long suspension bridges. When appropriately employed, and with the presence of a strong satellite geometry, GPS can supply timely and accurate structural deformation information. However, the three-dimensional (3-D) positioning accuracies in a local coordinate system are uneven. For instance, the vertical component of 3-D coordinates is less accurate than the horizontal component. In addition, GPS satellite availability tends to be a function of the latitude of the observation site and its surrounding obstructions. As a consequence, the accuracy of the north–south component is typically worse than that of the east–west component in mid-latitude areas (>45), and in some of the worst situations the horizontal positioning accuracy could even degrade to the same level as that of the vertical component. With such measurements it might not be possible to correctly interpret the real structural deformations. Furthermore, an insufficient number of satellites, caused by signal obstruction, could make it impossible to use GPS alone for kinematic positioning, even when integrated with other sensors such as triaxial accelerometers. With the aim of improving 3-D positioning accuracies for the monitoring of structural deflections, especially in vertical and northern directions, the optimal location selection of an array of ground-based pseudolites to augment GPS satellite geometry using an analytical simulation technique proposed by the authors is considered. Achievable 3-D positioning accuracies are estimated by simulating a real bridge deformation scenario using augmented transmitter geometry and compared with actual positioning accuracies calculated from the measurements gathered from a bridge trial. The results show that with an augmented satellite geometry and multipath mitigation it is possible to achieve uniform 3-D positioning accuracies of a few millimetres.     

地基增强系统发展及应用

从GNSS定位原理出发,总结了GNSS定位误差的来源,并以GPS为例介绍了WAAS、LAAS、JPALS、CORS、伪卫星、LOCATA等几种增强系统及独立定位系统,指出了各个系统的优缺点和仍需解决的问题以及系统的应用领域,为北斗的地基增强系统建设提供参考。