广西北海港石步岭港区项目风暴潮和海浪灾害风险评估

近年来风暴潮等海洋灾害的频发,对沿海大型工程的防御能力提出了更高的要求。本研究结合广西北海港石步岭港区项目海岸防御工程的设计标准及现状,进行风暴潮和海浪灾害的风险性评估,把推算得到的防御工程应达到的理论顶高程与实测高程进行对比,评估该工程项目抵御海洋灾害的能力。研究发现考虑海平面上升之后的极端高潮位评估结果跟设计值相当;无论是设计高潮位还是极端高潮位下的N向波高的理论值均高于设计值;码头及其他防护岸段的实测最低高程均低于考虑波浪爬高影响之后的理论顶高程,存在一定风险,建议项目业主单位立即采取措施以降低海洋灾害风险。     

A ferry making waves: A demonstration project ‘doing’ institutional work in a greening maritime industry

ABSTRACT

The objective of the article is to show how the demonstration project and battery ferry Ampere has contributed to a greening of public ferry procurement in Norway. Building on theories on demonstration projects in transition studies and institutional work, the author argues for a more integrated focus than hitherto on the dynamic interplay of materiality, organization, and discourse in demonstration projects, and how the agency of actor networks and the materiality connected to demonstration projects can affect institutional change accompanying transition processes. This is done by conceptualizing Ampere as a ‘performing project’: a complex of discursive and organizational strategies of framing and lobbying deployed by the actor networks connected to it and its materiality. Methodically, the author draws on semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The results suggest that Ampere’s ‘performance’ has contributed to changes in national and regional ferry procurement practices and been vital for an emerging maritime battery niche.     

乙烯项目环境风险评价实例分析

以某公司45万t乙烯建设项目为例,从乙烯生产装置存在的风险因子和环境因素的识别出发,利用有关事故统计资料类比分析和爆炸危害关系式,对乙烯项目生产装置可能存在的环境风险进行半定量评价。结果表明:乙烯生产装置中的碳二加氢反应器和裂解气压缩机中的物料一旦发生爆炸,对人造成伤害的距离分别为144 m和190 m;乙烯装置裂解炉突爆泄漏乙烯及芳烃抽提装置预分离塔突爆泄漏苯,在不利气象条件下,扩散时间为30 min时,乙烯和苯的最大落地浓度分别为185.4mg/m3和117.8 mg/m3;扩散时间为60 min时,乙烯和苯的最大落地浓度分别为3.36 mg/m3和2.14 mg/m3。     

新疆CHE水利枢纽渗流条件下岩质边坡稳定性分析究

基于GEOSTUDIO软件,运用统计岩体力学理论,对新疆CHE水利枢纽不同工况下的边坡稳定性进行分析。结果表明：研究区工程地质条件复杂,断层、挤压破碎带及岩脉广泛发育,左右岸均存在5组优势结构面;对左右岸参数敏感性分析,两岸强卸荷岩体的粘聚力c对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率远大于摩擦角φ对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率,因此在一定范围内,坡体稳定性对粘聚力c值的变化更为敏感;研究区边坡在自然条件、蓄水条件及库水快速降升条件稳定系数K>1,即边坡处于稳定状态。     

中国南海吹填岛礁钙质砂动力特性试验研究

南海对我国经济发展、资源开发与运输、维护国土完整具有战略性意义。目前我国已在南海海域以吹填方式建设了一系列的岛礁,并在其上修建了一系列的结构物（房屋、防波堤、机场等）。作为这些重要结构物的地基材料,珊瑚钙质砂在极端波浪、海底地震等环境荷载作用下的动态响应特性对评价其上结构物的安全稳定性具有重要的意义。以我国南海珊瑚岛礁吹填工程为背景,对取自岛礁吹填体现场的钙质砂样品,以吹填现场实测的颗粒级配和干密度为依据,开展动态三轴循环试验,研究我国南海珊瑚岛礁吹填体钙质砂地基土的动力特性。试验结果表明：岛礁钙质砂受动态循环荷载作用,在排水不通畅的条件下可以达到部分液化状态,在排水通畅的条件下不发生液化;在不排水条件下,岛礁钙质砂归一化的累积孔压u/ 与振次比N/Nf符合Seed提出的反正弦孔压发展模式;在不排水条件下,所有岛礁钙质砂样品的动态变形模量Ed /E0与归一化应变?m /?r之间全部重合在一条双曲线上,表明不排水条件下岛礁钙质砂的Ed /E0与?m /?r之间的关系不受干密度和颗粒级配的影响,具有很好的统一性。     

南阳膨胀土裂隙面强度试验研究

裂隙性是膨胀土的基本特性之一,膨胀土中原生裂隙面的存在往往导致膨胀土边坡的失稳。选取南水北调中线工程南阳段膨胀土进行裂隙面强度特性试验,提出了裂隙面强度三轴试验新方法。首次将计算机X射线断层扫描技术引入裂隙面的强度试验,通过测量裂隙面真实产状,准确分析裂隙面上的破坏应力,提出了裂隙面强度参数的整理方法。研究成果表明,裂隙面的峰值强度不仅远小于两侧土的峰值强度,而且也小于两侧土的残余强度;裂隙面强度较低的原因主要是其具有较高的含水率、蒙脱石含量以及颗粒排列定向度。地下水淋滤作用对于膨胀土裂隙面存在3个方面的影响：微观上使得膨胀土中铁的氧化物由三价转变为二价,形成与两侧土颜色完全不同的灰白色裂隙黏土;细观上改变了母体土的矿物成分和颗粒排列结构,使得裂隙填充物具有较高的蒙脱石含量和颗粒定向度;宏观上形成了裂隙面与两侧土体力学强度的显著差异。     

大岗山水电站厂房断层控制区域微震监测分析

大岗山水电站地下厂房断层发育,两条陡倾角断层穿过厂房中后部,控制着厂房的围岩稳定性。拱顶处发育的断层由于开挖而出现塌方,需要对塌空区以及地下厂房进行稳定性监测。2010年10月建立南非综合微震系统（ISS）微震监测系统,对断层控制的厂房区域进行微震监测。采用能级分布法、时空分布法、能量指数法、位错法等对断层控制下的塌空区、厂房边墙、断层周边岩体进行了稳定性评价。监测表明,塌空区微震事件少,能级小;边墙岩体位移较小,微震事件数目较少;断层面间滑动位移分布不均,整体位移量不大,断层面岩体活动性不强。因此,断层区域在进行加固后,岩体整体稳定性有所提高,受断层影响较小,故地下厂房稳定性较好。微震监测对水电厂房开挖及运行期的安全稳定性评价有较强的指导意义。     

基于投影寻踪法的水库富营养化评价——以深圳市铁岗水库与石岩水库为例

通过构建投影指标函数和采用遗传算法对投影方向进行优化,建立了基于投影寻踪法的水库富营养化评价模型,并应用于深圳市铁岗水库与石岩水库的富营养化评价。研究结果表明,铁岗水库的营养状态值为50.4~54.7,石岩水库为53.4~57.6,峰值出现在夏秋季,2个水库均达到轻度富营养化水平,石岩水库的富营养化程度相对较高。投影寻踪法的评价结果与线性插值评分法相近,但反映了不同评价指标对营养状态的贡献差异,更为科学合理,值得推广应用。     

海底隧道风化花岗岩流变试验研究

采用全自动三轴流变试验机对厦门东通道海底隧道风化槽地段岩石进行三轴压缩流变试验,研究了岩石在不同围压和不同应力水平作用下轴向应变随时间的变化规律。试验表明,强风化花岗岩时效特性较全风化花岗岩更加明显;围压对岩石蠕变变形存在很大影响,围压越大,蠕变变形量越小。通过分析岩石压缩流变过程中应力-应变关系可知,蠕变变形在弹性阶段不对岩石整体构成明显损伤。而进入塑性阶段后,黏塑性变形对岩石破坏影响较大。建议通过支护增加围压,以提高隧道围岩屈服强度和减小流变变形,防止隧道失稳破坏。     

Qinghai-Tibet Expressway experimental research

As one part of the National Highway Network Planning in China, the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway （QTE） from Golmud to Lhasa will be built in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） across about 630 km of permafrost lands. Due to the problematic interactions between the engineering foundations and permafrost, the frozen-soil roadbed of the QTE will be subjected to the more intense thermal disturbances due to the wider black surface. The design and construction for long-term thermal and mechanical stability will face more severe challenges than those in ordinary highways and railways in the same region. In order to provide scientific support for cold regions engineering practices, the QTE Experimental Demonstration Project （EDP） was constructed in situ in the vicinity of the Beilu＇he Permafrost Station in the interior of the QTP. In this paper, the anticipated problems of the proposed QTE project are enumerated, and the structures of the test sections for QTE EDP are described. Through numerical simulations, it was found that the heat transfer processes occurring in each specific road structure are significantly different. The heat accumulation in the highway embankment is mainly due to the black bituminous pavement, but in the railway embankment with its gravel surfaces, it mainly comes from the side slopes. As a result, the net heat accumulation of the highway embankment is three times higher than that in the railway. In expressway, the heat accumulation is further increased because of the wider pavement so that significantly more heat will be accumulated in the roadbed beneath the centerline area. Thus, the thermal stability of the fro- zen-soil roadbed and the underlying permafrost of the QTE can be seriously threatened without proper engineering measures protection against thawing. Based on research and practical experiences from the operating Qinghai-Tibet Railway （QTR） and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway （QTH）, combined with the predicted characteristics of heat transfer in an expressway embankment, nine kinds of engineering measures for mitigating the thaw settlement of foundation soils through the cooling the roadbed soils were built and are being tested in the EDP. The design of the monitoring system for the EDP and the observed parameters were also described.