“地球空间双星探测计划”及其与全球环境变化的关系

本文论述了“地球空间双星探测计划”(简称双星计划)及其与全球环境变化的关系。地球空间双星探测计划包括两颗小卫星,分别运行于目前国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的近地赤道区和近地极区。双星计划的主要科学目标是用高分辨率的仪器在近地空间的主要活动区探测场和粒子的时空变化;研究磁层空间暴(磁层亚暴、磁暴和磁层粒子暴)的触发机制及其对太阳活动和行星际扰动的响应过程;建立地球空间环境的动态模式。为了实现科学目标,赤道区卫星和极区卫星上各载有8台探测仪器。近地赤道区卫星的轨道是:近地点550km左右,远地点60000km左右,倾角约28.5°;近地极区卫星的轨道是:近地点700km,远地点40000km,倾角约90°。为了使双星计划与欧洲空间局ClusterII卫星相配合,赤道区卫星计划于2003年6月发射,极区卫星计划于2003年12月发射。双星计划与ClusterII卫星相配合,可形成地球空间6点探测计划,这将成为21世纪初国际上重要的地球空间探测计划。本文概要讨论了双星计划与地球系统各圈层的关系,包括与大气圈、生物圈、地球内部各圈层及全球环境变化的关系。     

西气东输管道通过长江三江口方案工程地质条件评价

从工程地质及水文地质角度,对西气东输管道通过长江三江口方案适宜性进行了研究。指出了方案有利的环境地质条件及存在的主要环境地质问题,提出了相应的对策,为优化管道过长江设计、施工方案提供了地质依据。     

Runoff and water erosion modelling using WEPP on a Mediterranean cultivated catchment

Soil erosion due to water is a major environmental problem in many parts of the world. Most of Mediterranean countries are concerned because of their specific climate and soils sensitivity, but also because of the recent intensification of human activities and agricultural practices. Accurate estimation of soil water erosion for various land-use and climate scenarios is so an important key to define sustainable management policies. In the last decades, several studies have been carried out to build models suitable for quantifying soil erosion. Among these models, the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP, Flanagan, D.C., Nearing, M.A., 1995. USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project: Hillslope profile and watershed model documentation. NSERL Report 10, USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA.) is a physically based, distributed-parameter model that has been developed and mainly validated in USA. Only few studies have investigated its applicability to environmental conditions that differs from those where the model was developed. The aim of this work is to test the efficiency of WEPP model to predict soil erosion at catchment scale in a Mediterranean semi-arid area. Continuous simulations have been conducted between 1995 and 2002 on an cultivated experimental catchment located upstream from a hill reservoir (Kamech catchment, 2.45 km², Cap Bon, Tunisia) where runoff and soil erosion measurements are available at the outlet. Comparison between predictions and measurements shows significant differences. Processes related to seasonal effects (as cracking soils) are pointed out as a weakness of WEPP model for Mediterranean conditions.     

泡沫复合驱应用方案的模拟评价

在泡沫复合驱油矿场试验过程中,由于压缩机注入压力以及现有注采工艺技术的限制,导致泡沫复合驱实际应用方案与实验方案有很大差异。为了正确评价试验效果,本文对泡沫复合驱应用方案进行了室内模拟评价,认为气液比是影响驱替效果最为重要的因素。随着气液比的下降,最终采出程度是下降的,气液交替周期对泡沫复合驱的影响非常明显。同时还进行了不同渗透率油层泡沫复合驱效果、泡沫复合驱和普通的三元复合驱油效果对比评价,认为相比于普通的ASP复合驱,泡沫复合驱技术具有明显的优势。这一试验对今后泡沫复合驱技术的进一步发展具有意义。     

惠州市1：5000卫星正射影像图测绘工程研究

我国利用IKONOS卫星影像制作1:5000正射影像图主要是集中在研究领域。惠州市国土资源局于2004年2月利用IKONOS卫星影像制作覆盖惠州市辖区1．2万平方公里的1:5000正射影像图,项目由广东省国土资源信息中心承担。大面积的测区利用IKONOS卫星制作1: 5000正射影像图在国内还属首次。本文探讨该测绘工程的实施技术及质量控制方法。     

GPS道路修测系统在中国公路网测绘工程中的应用

本文介绍了车载式GPS道路修测系统的基本原理和体系结构，详细讲述了该系统在“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”的应用。“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”是由多家部门共同参与的大型道路测绘项目，目的是解决现有公路网数据库现势性差的问题。文中结合“中国公路网GPS测绘工程”重点阐述了修测系统中几个关键技术的实现方法，最后给出了修测系统在该工程中的使用效果。     

Neo-liberal ruptures: Local political entities and neighbourhood networks in El Alto, Bolivia

In October 2003, hundreds of thousands of Bolivians took to the streets demanding the resignation of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. After 20 years of neo-liberal policies - and the failures to improve the living conditions of the majority - the proposal to export natural gas via Chile was taken by the population as yet another step to sustain an unjust political order. Facing a direct challenge by the population the Sánchez de Lozada administration responded with indiscriminate military force. The result was 63 dead and over 300 wounded, which deepened and extended the social rage and eventually forced the resignation of the President. The neo-liberal project - promoted and defended by Sánchez de Lozada - collapsed. The city of El Alto was the epicentre of the challenges to the legitimacy of this political order. This article focuses on the role of local political entities and neighbourhood networks from El Alto in articulating political spaces that challenged the legitimacy of the institutional infrastructure and led to the October 2003 ruptures in the neo-liberal project. Furthermore, I make the case that the particular histories and memories (of “relocalized” miners and indigenous/peasants) that converged in and defined this city were pivotal in the organization of a “political subsoil” that surged to the surface during the October 2003 events.     

项目国家审计对设计方要求初步分析

项目国家审计是一种执法监督活动,设计方满足审计要求是必不可少的义务和职责。通过铁路建设项目国家审计,初步分析国家审计对设计方要求,提出设计方满足项目国家审计要求的措施,为设计方适应国家投资市场规则及其变化趋势,规避设计风险,拓展设计方生存空间提供思路。     

哈尔滨大顶子山航电枢纽工程蓄水后引起的浸没地质灾害研究

哈尔滨市松北区大顶子山航电枢纽工程蓄水后，哈尔滨段的江水位将常年保持在116m，比枯水期水位高出6m多。届时势必要引起松北区地下水水位的壅高，导致发生区内浸没问题。利用GMS（地下水流模拟系统）软件中SOLID模块，采用钻孔间插值法建立松北区含水系统三维立体模型，进行地下水壅高计算，给出地下水位临界深度，确定研究区内浸没范围；进行浸没评价，提出浸没危害治理工程措施。     

五里湖南岸生态示范工程对水下光场的改善效果研究

2004年7月20日在五里湖南岸生态示范工程区共布设9个采样点进行水下光场的测定,并采集水样分析悬浮物、叶绿素a、DOC浓度和各组分吸收系数。结果表明,3类主要光衰减物质总悬浮物、叶绿素a和DOC的浓度分别为5.1~38.7 mg/L、25.5~86.4μg/L和7.43~8.74 mg/L;生态示范工程能明显降低水体悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度,Ⅱ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了53.4%、33.0%,而Ⅲ类区总悬浮物、叶绿素a浓度相对Ⅰ类区分别降低了77.4%、65.0%。光合有效辐射(PAR)衰减系数在1.81~4.93 m-1间变化,对应的真光层深度为0.93~2.54 m,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类区相对Ⅰ类区PAR衰减系数分别降低了42.2%、52.8%,对应的真光层深度则分别增加了73%、112%。a_g(440)、a_d(440)、a_ph(440)的变化范围分别为0.79~1.31 m-1、0.41~2.22 m-1、0.73~2.12 m-1。纯水对总吸收的贡献均在15%以下,有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收对总吸收的贡献率在18.16%~40.28%间变化,非藻类颗粒物对总吸收的贡献率在14.40%~37.88%间变化,浮游藻类对总吸收系数的贡献率基本上是各组分贡献率中最高的,在31.05%~45.28%间变化。对PAR衰减系数、真光层深度、透明度等表观光学参数与主要水色因子进行相关分析发现,水体中浮游藻类和有机颗粒物对生态示范区内的水体光学性质影响最大,而围隔外围浮游藻类、非藻类颗粒物对光的衰减相当。