Post‐quake decision analysis using dynamic programming

We introduce a general decision analysis procedure based on stochastic dynamic programming in the post‐quake aftershock environment. The damage sustained by the building due to the mainsheet, the time‐varying aftershock rates and the potential for further damage progression in the post‐quake environment are all factors taken into consideration in the proposed methodology. This procedure enables the optimal decision after the mainshock to be selected based on the minimization of expected financial losses, subject to a constraint on a minimal level of individual life‐safety, using a consistent probabilistic framework to explicitly quantify the uncertainties in the variables. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimization and capacity expansion of a water distribution system

This paper develops an iterative procedure for capacity expansion studies for water distribution systems. We propose a methodology to analyze an existing water distribution system and identify the potential bottlenecks in the system. Based on the results, capacity expansion alternatives are proposed and evaluated for improving the efficiency of water supply. The methodology includes a network flow based optimization model, four evaluation indices, and a series of evaluation steps. We first use a directed graph to configure the water distribution system into a network. The network flow based model optimizes the water distribution in the system so that different expansion alternatives can be evaluated on a comparable basis. This model lends itself to linear programming (LP) and can be easily solved by a standard LP code. The results from the evaluation tool help to identify the bottlenecks in the water distribution system and provide capacity expansion alternatives. A useful complementary tool for decision making is composed of a series of evaluation steps with the bottleneck findings, capacity expansion alternatives, and the evaluation of results. We apply the proposed methodology to the Tou-Qian River Basin, located in the northern region of Taiwan, to demonstrate its applicability in optimization and capacity expansion studies.     

天然岩体渗透系数反演研究

天然岩体存在很多裂隙,而水在这些裂隙中的渗流严重影响岩石工程的稳定性,因此确定天然岩体渗透系数具有重大的实际意义。反演方法是确定岩体渗透系数的一种较理想的方法,渗透系数反演可归结为一个复杂的非线性函数优化问题。由于采用传统优化技术存在不少问题,而目前采用的全局优化算法—遗传算法也存在本质的问题,因此,提出仿生算法-免疫进化规划进行岩体渗透系数反演,并用一个大坝坝基工程的算例证明了算法的有效性。结果表明,其方法可以在仅知道水头的条件下,得到接近实际的渗透系数值。     

基于不完备模态信息的海洋平台损伤诊断研究

首先利用测量自由度正则化损伤指标向量得到损伤的大致区域;其次,在选定的区域内分别采用序列二次规划算法和最小二乘法来诊断损伤构件及其损伤程度,并对其结果进行了比较。数值模拟表明,仅需少量低阶模态和部分测量自由度,上述损伤诊断算法便可完成海洋平台的损伤诊断。     

中国对虾配合饲料限制性营养成分分析

以最常用的18种原料为对象,用线性规划的方法对华东沿海中国对虾人工饲料配制过程中的限制营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,粗脂肪、粗灰分、磷、精氨酸、赖氨酸是限制性营养成分,粗纤维和蛋氨酸在以植物性蛋白质为主的配方中是限制性营养成分。因此,在中国对虾人工饵料配方设计中,应注意选用脱脂原料,增加矿物质添加剂中磷的含量以及采用富含精氨酸和赖氨酸的原料。     

Genetic Programming Approach for Predicting Surface Subsidence Induced by Mining

INTRODUCTIONThe study of surface subsidence resulting fromunderground mining holds significance in view ofbeneficial effects on national economy and people’sliving conditions.As is known,a large quantity ofminerals need to be exploited for modernization con-struction.Mining leads to surface subsidence,someunderground engineering and production facilities aredestroyed accordingly,which blocks the developmentof production and retards people’s living standard.To solve this contradiction,su…     

基于共轭梯度搜索的病态问题处理方法

在最小二乘平差准则基础上,把病态平差问题转化为无约束的二次规划问题,并利用优化理论分析病态对平差解的影响。通过共轭梯度搜索算法在可行域中寻找最优步长因子,自动寻找最速下降方向,并给出迭代初值的设置方法。分析近似计算中病态问题与局部最优解的关系,讨论局部最优解的快速迭代方法,并通过实例验证算法的有效性,计算迭代的速度。由于整个过程没有对法方程系数矩阵进行求逆计算,该算法可用于处理大规模系数矩阵高病态的平差问题。     

干旱内陆河流域地表水地下水联合调度研究进展

地表水-地下水联合调度是解决干旱内陆河流域水资源短缺的一个有效途径,对干旱区水资源优化配置具有重要意义.以地表水地下水联合调度内涵为基础.分析了干旱内陆河地表水-地下水联合调度模式的国内外研究现状.对地表水地下水联合调度的研究方法进行了评价并指出存在的不足之处,展望了地表水与地下水联合调度的研究趋势.指出在未来地表水-地下水联合调度中应加强与气象学、生态学等多学科交叉研究.探讨内陆河水资源高效利用模式和基于生态健康和环境发展的内陆河环境需水定值方法与阈值.开发内陆河地表水地下水联合调度信息系统和管理模式.指出综合水循环组成部分的集成模型是地表水-地下水联合调度模型发展的必然趋势.     

负空间规划在土地利用总体规划中的应用

根据桂林市兴安县休闲旅游和生态旅游城镇特点,结合新一轮土地利用总体规划修编工作要求,依据负空间规划原理,以生态环境状况指数为生态环境评价指标,从保护和改善规划区域生态环境的角度,在保证区域生态环境稳定条件下,规划兴安县各类用地的规模、数量和布局,探讨在确保规划区域内耕地保有量及保护生态环境的前提下,合理分配各项用地指标的具体方法和安排各项建设用地的基本原则,以促进兴安县国民经济和社会和谐发展。     

基于灰区间真值的群体决策方法及应用

研究了灰区间偏好的群体决策问题.在专家灰区间偏好群体意见集结过程中,常规的灰区间运算会产生决策信息的失真.为了避免这一缺陷,首先引入了灰区间调节参数的概念,通过建立求解调节参数的二次规划模型,确定专家灰区间判断的真值.建立了专家客观权重求解的二次规划模型,并给出了专家客观权重的最优解.此外,从另外一个角度同时考虑调节参数与客观权重,建立求解灰区间真值与专家客观权重的群体最优决策模型.气象敏感性行业专家群体评估决策的算例表明,决策策略是有效的.