Private Car Travel Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Chinese Cities ——A Case Study of Guangzhou in Guangdong, China

Taking Guangzhou as a case, this paper adopted a questionnaire survey to gather first-hand data and analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of private car travel in Chinese cities. As the research indicated, trip purposes of private car travel are mainly commute and business affairs with a more flexible trip in the urban core area. And trip intensities are concentrated in a certain extent, with trip frequency being lower in the urban core area than the peripheral area. In addition, the trip time has two significant peaks occurring in the morning and afternoon, and one trough in the midday. And trip spatial distribution is mainly within commute with both residence and employment in urban area and inward commute with residence in suburban area while employment in urban area. Both kinds of commutes direct to the urban area. The study also shows that the characteristics of private car travel are principally influenced by two aspects: travelers’ attributes and urban characteristics. The main travelers’ social and economic attributes influenced it include the gender, education attainment, age, driving experience and per capita monthly household income. The urban characteristics influenced it mainly cover the land use pattern, public traffic facilities and spatial attributes of residential environment.     

位置大数据的分析处理研究进展

现有的关于出租车GPS轨迹大数据的研究均没有考虑出租车司机本身的非运营行为（如出租车加油（气）、就餐、交接班）的特征和需求。根据出租车轨迹大数据,研究了出租车短时非运营行为特征,从轨迹数据中提取出租车短时非运营行为,利用平面线要素核密度分析其时空分布,并采用Ripley's K函数分析了武汉市徐东大街区域的短时非运营行为与加气站的空间相关性。实验结果表明,分析出租车短时非运营行为时空分布能有效地揭示出租车司机群体的短时非运营行为需求,以及需求与现有公共资源不匹配引发的资源低效配置现状,为公共资源优化调整提供科学有效的辅助决策支撑。     

The journey to school in Britain since the 1940s: continuity and change

The journey to school has major significance both for families and urban environments, yet little is known in detail about the ways this has changed over the twentieth century. This study uses oral history evidence to compare decisions about the journey to school in the past and the present, and to assess the impact of these changes on the mobility experience of children. The paper argues that despite obvious increases in car use, and decreases in children travelling alone, other characteristics of the journey to school in British urban areas have changed little over the past 60 years.     

“一带一路”沿线汽车市场时空变化特征及影响因素研究:基于2005-2017年面板数据

“一带一路”沿线是中国品牌汽车主要出口市场,研究“一带一路”沿线区域汽车市场变化对中国品牌汽车深入实施国际化战略有重要意义。该文采用空间自相关、新兴时空热点分析、面板数据模型等方法分析2005—2017年“一带一路”沿线59个国家汽车市场时空变化特征及影响因素,研究发现：①“一带一路”沿线国家汽车消费市场整体增长较为缓慢,销量占全球汽车销量比重呈现下降趋势;②不同区域的汽车市场存在较大差异,南亚地区汽车产销规模大而且增长较快;③大部分国家汽车市场主要依赖进口,南亚及东南亚地区汽车市场潜力较大;④新兴时空热点分析方法识别出印度、俄罗斯、伊朗及印度尼西亚为连续热点、加强的热点、持续的热点等三种时空变化模式;⑤ 面板数据动态差分GMM模型表明“一带一路”沿线滞后一期汽车销量、人均GDP、服务业增加值、汽车产量、城镇人口等因素对汽车销量有促进作用。研究认为在中美经贸关系频繁波动背景下,中国汽车企业应该高度重视“一带一路”汽车市场的重要性,在不同区域因地制宜地采取差异化国际化策略;根据“一带一路”汽车市场具有惯性效应这一特点,中国汽车企业可侧重印度、俄罗斯、伊朗、印度尼西亚等已有汽车市场规模较大的国家深入推进国际化战略。     

中国企业投资东南亚国家的影响因素分析——基于企业所有权差异的视角

以中国企业2005~2015年对东南亚直接投资的项目作为研究样本,分析国有企业和民营企业在东南亚直接投资的国家选择和影响因素。研究表明,国有企业不回避政治风险较高的国家,倾向于开拓新的国家市场;相反,民营企业倾向投资政治风险低的国家,投资与中国贸易联系紧密、相对市场规模较大以及劳动力成本较低的国家。基于国有企业和民营企业对东南亚直接投资影响因素的差异,为中国对东南亚直接投资提出政策建议。     

东北地区民营经济发展路径及空间组织形式

东北老工业基地的改造和振兴,国有企业的改制、改组和改造,激活地方经济,资源型城市和地区结构转型和发展接续产业,实现社会公平等,都离不开民营经济的发展和积极参与,发展民营经济也是解决“东北现象”和“新东北现象”的根本途径。文章通过对东北老工业基地民营经济发展特点和现状的阐述,以及对该地区发展民营经济优势条件的分析,提出了民营经济发展战略及其指导下的发展民营经济的地域组织形式和路径。     

The Role of Social Networks and Trusted Peers in Promoting Biodiverse Carbon Plantings

Social capital has the potential to influence the success of biodiverse carbon plantings in the face of uncertainty amongst rural landholders about the need or efficacy of efforts to address climate change through tree planting. We conducted 17 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with landholders in Victoria, Australia who voluntarily participate in biodiverse carbon plantings on their land, focusing in particular on the role of social capital for understanding how ‘early adopters' can advocate for programs locally. The interviews revealed the importance of social networks and the profound impact of trusted peers on the diffusion of carbon planting schemes. These social capital dimensions are especially important for shaping ongoing participation and the ways in which participants become active agents in trusted relationships that influence the participation of others. Our results suggest that the positive impact of social networks can counteract doubts about the validity of climate adaptation responses such as carbon planting, and enable landholders to connect the program with their existing stewardship motivations. The ability for early adopters of the program to demonstrate the physical materialisation of their plantings to others was vital to this process. We propose that targeting champions and trusted peers in local communities could accelerate the proliferation of biodiverse carbon planting schemes.     

Car navigation – computing routes that avoid complicated crossings

Personalized navigation and way-finding are prominent research areas of location-based service (LBSs). This includes innovative concepts for car navigation. Within this paper, we investigate the idea of providing drivers a routing suggestion which avoids ‘complicated crossings’ in urban areas. Inexperienced drivers include persons who have a driver’s license but, for whatever reason, feel uncomfortable to drive in a city environment. Situations where the inexperienced driver has to depend on a navigation device and reach a destination in an unfamiliar territory may be difficult. Preferences of inexperienced drivers are investigated. ‘Fears’ include driving into ‘complicated crossings’. Therefore, the definition and spatial characteristics of ‘complicated crossings’ are investigated. We use OpenStreetMap as a road dataset for the routing network. Based on the topological characteristics of the dataset, measured by the number of nodes, we identify crossings that are ‘complicated’. The user can choose to compute an alternative route that avoids these complicated crossings. This methodology is one step in building a full ‘inexperienced drivers’ routing system, which includes additional preferences from the user group, for example, as avoiding left turns where no traffic light is present.     

The foreshore: geographical implications of the three legal systems in Great Britain

Despite the word 'foreshore' being in common usage relating to the coast, it has three distinct legal definitions in Great Britain. There are three property law regimes, English law in England and Wales, Scots law (feudal) in Scotland and Udal tenure in parts of Orkney and Shetland. These result in the boundaries between private property interests and public property interests lying in a different position on the beach area under each of these property regimes. This paper examines the physical extent of each of the foreshore definitions and highlights a number of associated issues that rely on these different boundaries fundamentally impacting upon the management of the coast.     

利用地图栅格化的海量浮动车数据道路匹配快速算法

目的 提出了在大城市路网环境下快速确定海量浮动车数据匹配路段的方法。首先构建路网道路缓冲区,再对道路缓冲区地图进行栅格化处理,并构建空间位置与道路ID的索引,然后基于每个浮动车数据中的地理位置信息依据索引找出浮动车数据可能的匹配道路,最后对这些道路进行匹配度计算,确定浮动车数据的匹配道路。实验表明,该方法能显著减少每个浮动车数据需要计算匹配度道路的数量,成倍地提高海量浮动车数据道路匹配算法的效率。