Car navigation – computing routes that avoid complicated crossings

Personalized navigation and way-finding are prominent research areas of location-based service (LBSs). This includes innovative concepts for car navigation. Within this paper, we investigate the idea of providing drivers a routing suggestion which avoids ‘complicated crossings’ in urban areas. Inexperienced drivers include persons who have a driver’s license but, for whatever reason, feel uncomfortable to drive in a city environment. Situations where the inexperienced driver has to depend on a navigation device and reach a destination in an unfamiliar territory may be difficult. Preferences of inexperienced drivers are investigated. ‘Fears’ include driving into ‘complicated crossings’. Therefore, the definition and spatial characteristics of ‘complicated crossings’ are investigated. We use OpenStreetMap as a road dataset for the routing network. Based on the topological characteristics of the dataset, measured by the number of nodes, we identify crossings that are ‘complicated’. The user can choose to compute an alternative route that avoids these complicated crossings. This methodology is one step in building a full ‘inexperienced drivers’ routing system, which includes additional preferences from the user group, for example, as avoiding left turns where no traffic light is present.     

民间力量参与海上公益性救助的激励机制探析

海难救助可以界分为公益救助与私益救助两类。民间力量参与海上公益救助具有重要的现实意义。海商法中以民事请求权思路为主的救助激励机制能有效激励私益救助,却不足以充分保障参与海上公益救助的民间主体之权益。应适当跳出海商法学的框架,借助行政法学的视角,根据海上公益救助的具体情形,由国家对参与救助的民间主体给予不同性质的补偿或奖励,以弥补私法逻辑的局限,为其积极参与海上公益救助解除经济利益损失的后顾之忧。     

A review of the policies on the private colleges of China

One of the most important factors impacting the development of today's private higher education in China is that there are not enough policies to support it. Then, the history of private higher education in Nanjing Nationalist Government (1927–1949) is focused on.     

多协议标记交换技术及应用

多协议标记交换技术是一种全瓶的网络交换技术，它的成功应用，将会解决目前IP网络上存在的众多问题。阐述了多协议标记交换技术的原理、关键技术等，并简单介绍在虚拟专用网、流量工程、Qos等方面的应用。     

利用词向量模型分析城市道路交通空间相关性

刻画城市道路之间的交通相关性是提高交通插值及预测水平的基础。现有研究及应用通常假设一定空间或拓扑距离内的道路相互之间具有相关性,这种方式忽视了道路之间交通影响的时空异质性。例如,上游道路交通流通常不会均匀扩散到所有下游道路,而是集中在特定方向上。道路之间产生交通影响和交互作用的根本原因是大量机动车辆穿梭其中。为从数据驱动的角度度量道路之间的交通相关性,从而顾及其时空异质性,本文利用词向量模型Word2Vec从大量机动车出行路径中挖掘道路之间的交通交互影响关系。首先把"路段-路径"类比为"词-文档";其次利用Word2Vec模型从大量路径(文档)中为每条路段(词)训练出一个实数向量(词向量);然后以向量之间的余弦相似度度量对应路段之间的交通相关性;最后利用交通状态数据对结果进行验证。以北京市200万条出租车出行路径为数据进行试验,结果表明:(1)平均水平上,向量相似度越高的邻近路段,其交通状态变化趋势也越相似,证明了本文方法可以正确度量道路之间的交通相关性,并刻画出其空间异质性;(2)工作日早、晚高峰及节假日路段之间的交通相关性大于工作日平峰和周六日,其合理性体现了本文方法可以正确捕捉道路交通相关性的时间异质性。本文方法及分析可为交通规划、诱导等提供方法论和理论基础。     

城市多元化测绘地理信息数据动态更新体系

论述了城市多元化测绘地理信息数据动态更新体系技术方案,并在自主研发"地理信息工作站"系列软件;建成多源、多时态、多尺度、异构测绘地理信息数据库体系;搭建相关私有云平台;提出多种有效的测绘地理信息数据更新方法;实现地上地下三维一体化建模等方面实施创新。取得了显著社会经济效益和多项知识产权。     

基于浮动车数据的旅游景点周边路网容量研究——以厦门岛为例

随着旅游业的快速发展,旅游城市在法定节假日出现了交通需求的大幅增长,导致不同程度的交通问题。本文利用厦门市的浮动车数据(FCD),分别选取2014年10月1日与10月14日作为节假日与工作日的样本进行研究,首先通过OD点核密度估计判断节假日与工作日出行在时空上的差异,确定研究的时空范围;其次,通过对FCD数据进行核密度估计分析旅游景点周边的车流量变化,并与路段的等级、车道数等道路设施属性进行对比,推测路网的容量;最后进一步通过计算路网中路段行程车速验证方法的可行性。结果显示：节假日期间的旅游交通与工作日的通勤交通在时空分布上存在差异,同时基于FCD数据研究旅游景点周边的路网容量是有效的,厦大—南普陀景点周边路网在节假日期间无法满足车流量的需求。本文对旅游景点周边路网容量的评估结果可为旅游旺季旅游路网的合理规划与管控提供依据。     

The Role of Social Networks and Trusted Peers in Promoting Biodiverse Carbon Plantings

Social capital has the potential to influence the success of biodiverse carbon plantings in the face of uncertainty amongst rural landholders about the need or efficacy of efforts to address climate change through tree planting. We conducted 17 face-to-face semi-structured interviews with landholders in Victoria, Australia who voluntarily participate in biodiverse carbon plantings on their land, focusing in particular on the role of social capital for understanding how ‘early adopters' can advocate for programs locally. The interviews revealed the importance of social networks and the profound impact of trusted peers on the diffusion of carbon planting schemes. These social capital dimensions are especially important for shaping ongoing participation and the ways in which participants become active agents in trusted relationships that influence the participation of others. Our results suggest that the positive impact of social networks can counteract doubts about the validity of climate adaptation responses such as carbon planting, and enable landholders to connect the program with their existing stewardship motivations. The ability for early adopters of the program to demonstrate the physical materialisation of their plantings to others was vital to this process. We propose that targeting champions and trusted peers in local communities could accelerate the proliferation of biodiverse carbon planting schemes.     

VPN技术在地震监测网络远程维护中的应用

系统介绍了将VPN技术引入地震监测网络远程维护工作的技术思路，以及该技术思路在“中国地震局卫星数据通信网”中的实现方法。通过构建VPN网络，可以利用公共互联网资源，实现远程灵活、安全的接入局域网系统，显著提高了远程维护工作的效率。