Knowledge to Action: Investigating Implicit Knowledge Production Models Held Among Forest Science Researchers

Criticisms of conventional knowledge production systems target their inability to address complex issues involving natural resources. In response, several researchers have adopted participatory research methodologies, incorporating more holistic problem-solving approaches that greatly value the knowledge and abilities of stakeholders. This case study explores forest science researchers' engagement strategies with stakeholders and how researchers can incorporate alternative approaches to knowledge production. We conducted semistructured interviews with forest science researchers, asking direct questions about how they define and work with stakeholders. Analysis revealed a great awareness among researchers for the need to cooperate with stakeholders and to incorporate their knowledge and abilities into the research process, as well as lamentations over structural, institutional, and resource limitations inhibiting the adoption of these practices. Our results reveal both how forest science researchers and institutes work with stakeholders and how they can better incorporate these stakeholder engagement methodologies into their research practices.     

中国地级区域创新产出的时空模式研究——基于ESDA的实证

以341个地级层面区域作为空间观测单元,以专利申请受理数作为衡量指标,对中国1997~2009年期间地级区域创新产出的时空特征进行了ESDA分析。结果表明:中国地级区域创新产出的地域性特征显著,首先表现为全局上的地理集聚和地带间的巨大差异;但不同于省级空间尺度下地带内部区域创新显著的极化特征,地级空间尺度区域创新却呈现多样化的局部空间依赖模式。整体上,创新产出在地级空间尺度上自然形成2个显著的空间集群,即东部沿海的H-H集群和西部内陆的L-L集群。东部H-H集群在考察期内由东北和华北地区逐渐向山东半岛、长三角和珠三角地区转移,西部L-L集群的空间发展则相对稳定;H-L型集群和L-H型集群主要分布在中部地区和东中西邻接地区,创新的空间过渡特征明显。最后在实证分析的基础上,提出了政策建议和未来研究的方向。     

Automated high resolution mapping of coffee in Rwanda using an expert Bayesian network

African highland agro-ecosystems are dominated by small-scale agricultural fields that often contain a mix of annual and perennial crops. This makes such systems difficult to map by remote sensing. We developed an expert Bayesian network model to extract the small-scale coffee fields of Rwanda from very high resolution data. The model was subsequently applied to aerial orthophotos covering more than 99% of Rwanda and on one QuickBird image for the remaining part. The method consists of a stepwise adjustment of pixel probabilities, which incorporates expert knowledge on size of coffee trees and fields, and on their location. The initial naive Bayesian network, which is a spectral-based classification, yielded a coffee map with an overall accuracy of around 50%. This confirms that standard spectral variables alone cannot accurately identify coffee fields from high resolution images. The combination of spectral and ancillary data (DEM and a forest map) allowed mapping of coffee fields and associated uncertainties with an overall accuracy of 87%. Aggregated to district units, the mapped coffee areas demonstrated a high correlation with the coffee areas reported in the detailed national coffee census of 2009 (R² = 0.92). Unlike the census data our map provides high spatial resolution of coffee area patterns of Rwanda. The proposed method has potential for mapping other perennial small scale cropping systems in the East African Highlands and elsewhere.     

空间认知驱动的自适应路径引导

为了生成符合人们认知习惯、反映用户空间知识并易于利用自然语言表达的路径引导, 提出了一个将路径抽象为一系列结构统一、具有时序性和多粒度性且可以被加工为指导用户沿路径前进的短语或句子的指示单元的表达框架,并说明了利用环境结构、路径特征、先验知识等上下文因素生成多粒度的指示单元, 从中选择最合适的指示单元, 进而实现自适应路径引导的方法。通过与传统的采用“Distance-to-Turn”模式的路径引导进行对比可以发现, 基于空间认知的自适应路径引导更加符合人们描述路径的方式, 能够降低用户的认知压力并提高导航的效率。     

信息时代地理信息服务方式的转变

分析了信息时代政府管理、行业应用、公众生活、知识传播对地理信息需求的变化和提高,提出了地理信息服务在数字化、多样化、系统性、开放性、集成化、智能化等方面的发展方向,论述了地理信息服务体系的建设重点,包括信息化的测绘生产体系、丰富的地理信息数据体系、科学的地理信息管理体系、完善的地理信息共享体系和高效的地理信息应用体系,...     

Knowing, farming and climate change adaptation in North-Central Namibia

The agro-ecological knowledge held by Ovambo farmers in North Central Namibia has, for centuries, given them resilience to high levels of climate variability and associated impacts. New research, conducted in North Central Namibia, suggests that knowledge co-production between farmers and agricultural extension workers may, in addition, strengthen adaptive capacity to future climate change. However, this useful kind of knowledge co-production is far from automatic, and indeed the conditions which make it more likely to happen are not well understood. This paper explores agro-ecological knowledge in North Central Namibia as adaptive capacity, and suggests avenues for better conceptualising and understanding the conditions for adaptive capacity-enhancing knowledge co-production.     

基于知识与规则的红树林遥感信息提取

针对难以将红树林同陆地植被,尤其是同水体与陆地植被混合像元有效识别的现象,结合TM影像提取了能有效反映红树林湿地特征的绿度指数和湿度指数,同其他常用的NDVI、TM3/TM5、TM5/TM4等指数相比:绿度指数和湿度指数更能有效地提高红树林同陆地植被,尤其是同水体与植被混合像元的可分性.采用知识与规则方法提取红树林遥感信息,与其他学者常采用的分类特征及分类方法相比,识别精度有明显提高,Kappa系数提高0.10,错分率降低16.1个百分点.     

用知识管理带动勘察设计企业的信息化

本文遵循理论与实际相结合的指导思想,从知识管理的理论出发,围绕勘察设计企业的知识管理现状,分析勘察设计企业建设知识管理系统的必要性、阐述勘察设计企业知识管理的关键环节,提出建立勘察设计企业协同设计和知识管理为核心的综合管理信息系统方案。     

基于光谱知识库对高光谱影像目标快速识别方法

针对国内引进的机载高光谱成像仪（CASI/SASI）数据采集系统,介绍了利用先验知识建立的多种地物目标光谱库,以及高光谱影像目标快速识别的技术方法研究;同时还阐述了其数据处理流程、目标识别原理和应用开源代码编程实现过程,并对其结果与应用进行了简要的分析。     

基于社会多媒体内容的用户建模应用研究

随着互联网和社会媒体平台的发展,社会媒体吸引着数以亿计的用户参与其中进行创造和分享信息,产生了海量的文本、图像、音频和视频数据.面对这些数量巨大、异构多源、模态复杂的社会多媒体内容数据,如何对其进行有效的内容理解和知识表示,从而为用户提供更高效、优质的服务,成为实现社会媒体大数据价值的关键.本文对近年来在社会多媒体内容分析、知识提取和表示以及用户建模应用的相关研究展开综述,并针对社会多媒体特征融合、跨模态知识提取与表示,以及基于社会媒体的用户建模相关应用研究三个方面进行详细总结.随后对社会多媒体内容的知识表示和用户建模的研究与应用的发展趋势进行介绍,最后对多媒体知识表示与用户建模研究进行了总结和展望.