Scale and the other: Levinas and geography

This paper seeks to contribute to Geography's recent conversation of identity, landscape, scale and difference. It brings into dialogue previously divergent discussions about space, place and difference and proposes an approach that treats time, space, place and scale as co-equal conceptual and/or analytical elements of cultural landscapes. It argues that many philosophical debates about embodiment, emplacement and difference abstract a universalized notion of `place', `body' and `self' which confounds and conflates scale issues and consequently confuses the dialectical interplay of `time', `space', `being' and `culture' across scales. The paper takes the work of Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995) and the discursive communities around it as a philosophical entry point into these debates.     

Book reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Eric C. F. Bird, Coastal geomorphology: an introduction
Rex Walford, Geography in British schools 1850–2000
Carolyn Cartier, Globalizing South China
G. P. Chapman, The geopolitics of South Asia: from early empires to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
N. Blomley, D. Delaney and R. Ford (eds.), The legal geographies reader     

(Un)consensual conversations: betweenness, 'material access', laughter and reflexivity in research

This article addresses the conversational (re)production of research relations, focusing on gender and sexuality in relation to responses, laughter and consensus in interviews. It discusses links to access as an on-going issue, and to wider issues connected to the production of knowledge.     

基于CNKI期刊文献数据库的沙产业研究进展分析

近30年来,沙产业的理论性研究和实践性成果取得了显著的进展。基于CNKI中国知网知识发现网络平台数据库,使用文献计量方法搜索以沙产业为关键词的文献,定量分析了沙产业概念提出至今的研究进展,包括沙产业的发文量、发文期刊、研究作者、文献引用情况,通过关键词共现知识图谱的归类分析得到了有关沙产业研究领域的“防沙治沙”、“企业管理”、“区域研究”、“发展对策”四大类热点关键词,分别解释了沙产业为什么发展、在哪里发展和怎样发展的问题。沙产业发端于甘肃的河西走廊,成长于内蒙古的库布齐沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠,在新疆、宁夏等西部受荒漠化危害严重的省区也得到了迅速发展,取得了一定的生态效益和经济效益,成为了沙区防治沙漠化和发展经济最有效的途径,但依然存在科技成果转化慢、缺乏对沙区资源的定量评价和区域发展不协调等问题亟待解决,因此沙区要充分利用当地发展优势结合国家政策推动沙产业更快更好发展。     

The Role of Local Knowledge in the Risk Management of Extreme Climates in Local Communities: A Case Study in a Nomadic NIAHS Site

In the context of climate change, research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation. Local communities, which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life, have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management. Therefore, this research aims to link Local knowledge (LK) to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model. It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework. The main research objectives of this study are: (1) To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events, risk management, LK, and farmers' adaptation strategies; (2) To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component; (3) To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation, and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation. The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management, local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK, because as a knowledge system, LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.     

西方创新地理研究的知识图谱可视化分析

近年来,创新问题日益受到西方人文地理学者的关注,并成为西方人文地理学研究的新方向。本文选择WOS（Web of Science）作为文献搜索引擎,选取在创新主题下刊发文章最多的500本期刊中的14本被社会科学引文索引SSCI收录的地理学期刊作为文献来源,以1982-2015年共2048篇英语创新主题文献记录作为数据源,基于显示知识发展进程与结构关系的可视化工具CiteSpace对数据进行关键词共现分析和文献共被引分析,绘制了西方创新地理研究的知识图谱,实现了本领域热点主题、知识基础和演进轨迹的可视化。研究发现：西方创新地理研究近30年来发文量和新兴关键词数量增长显著,研究者分布形成西欧、北美两大核心地区,近期研究指向热点关键词技术、溢出、集聚、研发、企业家精神;拥有较为明显的演进主体,研究内容宽广,主题尚不集中,全球城市、全球蜂鸣、空间化模式、产业、生命周期、剑桥地区（或剑桥现象）、知识、产业发展、区域创新战略是建立在32篇高被引文献之上的9个热点主题;经济地理学导向明显,尤其受新区域主义、转向潮流、演化经济地理学的发展影响显著,具有较为清晰的发展脉络。     

“A Salute to the Bandido”: A Political Ecology of Voice Exploration into Peru’s Freedom of Voice Surrounding Hydrocarbon Development

This paper sets out to evaluate the freedom of voice for Peruvian stakeholders affected by hydrocarbon development. This occurs through the utilization of a political ecology of voice (PEV) theoretical framework based upon the theory of voice by Albert Hirschman and political ecology. PEV can be defined as the study of economic, political, social, and geographical factors over a specific time period and their impact upon the use of voice by stakeholders. Peru’s case study was focused on its main oil-producing Loreto Region and incorporated evaluation of hydrocarbon voice mechanisms (prior consultation and environmental impact assessments) supported by interview testimony of stakeholders and state officials. PEV analysis reveals a political environment which is dangerous, inflexible, and intolerant of Peruvian stakeholders voicing over hydrocarbon development. This is due to the state’s zealous pursuit of its “selva (rainforest) hydrocarbon and development vision” which severely undermines Peruvian stakeholder’s freedom of voice.     

1985—2015年矿产资源区域研究进展知识图谱

以1985—2015年CNKI收录的30 766篇矿产资源区域发展问题研究的期刊论文作为数据来源,运用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件进行文献计量可视化研究。通过对知识图谱解析,还原矿产资源区域研究的发展历程。研究表明：矿产资源区域的研究热点经历了从区域经济、经济发展到可持续发展、循环经济再到资源型城市转型、协同发展的演化变迁。在经济新常态和供给侧改革的背景下,实现矿产资源区域发展转型和协同发展将是未来一段时间内的主题。     

基于知识图谱和综合征的科学环境知识挖掘——以民勤荒漠化为例

科学环境知识是实现区域土地可持续利用和管理的依据。民勤作为典型的荒漠化区域,对其荒漠化的发展过程及机制等科学环境知识的认识有助于指导干旱区土地荒漠化的防治。因此基于知识图谱方法,结合传统的文献综述方法,挖掘民勤科学环境知识并运用综合征框架进行知识组织管理。研究发现,常兆丰等、肖笃宁等、颉耀文等、康绍忠等、孙丹峰等、冯起等几个较成熟的团队在民勤进行了大量且较为成熟可信的研究,是本文获取科学环境知识的基础;民勤土地荒漠化研究主要集中于土地利用/覆被、荒漠化监测、景观格局变化,水资源利用及监测,荒漠植被演化和保护,环境变化及沙尘暴以及气候和人类活动的驱动5个相互联系耦合的热点方面;近60 a民勤土地荒漠化主要分为1949-1998年和1998-2010年主要的两个阶段,1949-1998年呈现耕地增长和荒漠化加剧的恶性循环过程,1998-2010年呈现荒漠化减弱以及地下水位下降的减缓,但仍表现为耕地的增长和自然植被的减少过程;并以民勤荒漠化的发展过程及机制为基础建立了综合征框架--民勤土地荒漠化是一个人类和自然综合作用下,土地利用/覆被、水资源、植被以及区域环境之间相互联系、相互影响的过程;科学环境知识综合征框架的挖掘集成可为后期系统建模与情景分析提供支持,为后续政策响应和措施制订提供参考。     

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