The Role of Local Knowledge in the Risk Management of Extreme Climates in Local Communities: A Case Study in a Nomadic NIAHS Site

In the context of climate change, research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation. Local communities, which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life, have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management. Therefore, this research aims to link Local knowledge (LK) to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model. It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework. The main research objectives of this study are: (1) To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events, risk management, LK, and farmers' adaptation strategies; (2) To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component; (3) To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation, and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation. The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management, local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK, because as a knowledge system, LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.     

A progressive line simplification algorithm

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智能化专题地图表示方法选择的研究

首先阐述了专题地图表示方法选择的知识,包括十种常用表示方法的描述、影响表示方法选择的因素、表示方法选择之间的配合原则,提出了选择专题地图表示方法的新规则,总结了表示方法间搭配的可能性;接着介绍了知识工程中知识模型的基本概念,在此基础上,建立了专题地图表示方法选择的知识模型并利用关系数据库的理论与方法对其进行了模拟;最后基于WebService开发了试验系统并举例说明了问题。     

(Un)consensual conversations: betweenness, 'material access', laughter and reflexivity in research

This article addresses the conversational (re)production of research relations, focusing on gender and sexuality in relation to responses, laughter and consensus in interviews. It discusses links to access as an on-going issue, and to wider issues connected to the production of knowledge.     

Traditional horticultural and gathering practices in two semi-rural populations of Northwestern Patagonia

Horticultural and gathering practices were studied in Comallo and Pilcaniyeu, two semi-rural communities which share a common Mapuche ancestry and occupy similar arid environments in Northwest Patagonia, Argentina. We analyzed cultivation and wild plant gathering using semi-structured interviews. We hypothesized that these activities will be conditioned by access to market economy. Results showed differences in horticultural and gathering patterns in both populations: the community with less access to market economy presented greater richness of cultivated and gathered species and collected more seeds from their own harvests, thus promoting germplasm conservation and higher levels of seed exchange than the community that had more contact with urban centers. In these populations the integration of ancestral and novel knowledge seems to favor flexibility and autonomy, which might help locals deal with change. This could foster greater individual and collective wellbeing, as well as socio-ecological diversity.     

知识经济与地理综合研究

在未来的知识经济时代,以知识为基础的经济将逐渐占据国际经济的主导地位。知识经济时代,经济发展的可持续性、知识的创新以及世界经济一体化等特点与地理综合研究的特点和长处有许多共同之处。但地理综合研究为适应新时代的需求,亦需在研究内容上进一步深化和革新。包括充分考虑单一地理空间向地理空间和虚拟空间的转化,凸现人力资源的权重而对传统综合研究中要素均衡观的冲击,充分考虑科学技术发展而导致的资源和生产要素的相互替代,以及摒弃传统二元系统结构等。     

洋能否为中用?西方政治地理与地缘政治发展的借鉴与反思

以西方为主的国外政治地理和地缘政治学说为中国政治地理和地缘政治的发展提供了很好的参照和基础。因此,如何理性对待西方的政治地理学和地缘政治学的研究、如何正确处理中国政治地理学和地缘政治学中的本土化与国际化关系是关乎中国政治地理学和地缘政治学学科方向的重要议题。然而,目前中国政治地理学和地缘政治学的发展在这一问题上存在困惑乃至两难。一方面,过度依赖西方研究框架和理论为中国政治地理学和地缘政治学的学科建设带来了一定风险;另一方面,在对西方研究保持谨慎态度的同时不能走向封闭乃至仇外的极端,破除“唯西方论”的同时不能走进“中国特殊论”的陷阱。为此,国内高校和科研院所从事政治地理和地缘政治研究的青年学者自发于2019年举办了一次“政治地理与地缘政治理论前沿”青年论坛,集中探讨了对西方政治地理与地缘政治发展的借鉴与反思,取得了初步的共识。具体而言,西方政治地理学和地缘政治学研究议题的多尺度性、研究方法的多样性、研究氛围的批判精神、研究视野的国际化和研究规范的严谨性等方面值得中国借鉴;而历史视角缺失、知识生产不平衡、地图空间表达不足、话语分析过多、解决现实问题不足等方面存在局限,中国政治地理学和地缘政治学未来发展过程中应加以避免。希望本次讨论抛砖引玉,吸引更多学者共同推动中国政治地理学和地缘政治学的学科发展。     

Videogames, visuality and screens: reconstructing the Amazon in physical geographical knowledge

In this article we attend to an emergent practice of visualising GIS data in physical geography using the graphics engine of a videogame, Crysis. We suggest these modes of image-making aid the possibility of imagining and disseminating complex geographical data differently by re-contextualising seemingly abstract mathematical information within a human horizon of embodied meaning. Furthermore we argue these ways of imagining are closely linked to the technology and phenomenology of screens which make the presentation of these images possible. We close by reflecting on the possibility that these technologies are shifting the grounds of vision and the geographical imagination of users.     

Hacked Landscapes: Tensions,Borders, and Positionality in Spatial Literacy

By focusing on critical geographies, landscape, and spatial literacy, this article evaluates a semester-long spatial justice project conducted in a preservice teacher education program. The analysis recognizes the limitations of reading the products literally as a means of comprehending spatial representation. It expands the analysis by hacking the products and producing new landscapes to read against or up against the products as sociospatial texts. It considers the deployment of landscape concepts—borders, the representation of tension, and the gaze and subjectivity of the reader-authors—as central elements of spatial literacy that is of consequence.     

知识经济时代的人地关系分析

人地关系是地理学研究核心 ,在知识经济时代,由于各种高新技术的发 ,使人地关系有了新的变化,文章基于对知识经济与经济发展,人口、资源及环境的关系分析基础上,提出了知识时代人地关系协调的对策。