多种顾及先验信息的平差及其比较

在阐述各种顾及先验信息平差方法的基本概念及性质的基础上，着重分析了它们之间的关系与区别，从而为这些平差理论的进一步发展与应用奠定了基础。     

利用计算机实现综合解译圈定找矿靶区

主要论述用计算机代替手工实现综合解译的过程。该过程归纳为：从专业领域获取知识组织成专业模型，再将其转变翻译成知识模型，然后转移到计算机内实现推理目标。重点论述从专业模型到知识模型的过渡和推理目标的实现。通过在河北、山西的实践，证明用计算机综合解释圈定找矿靶区是可行的     

Bayes estimate of the probability of exceedance of annual floods

In this paper Lindley's Bayesian approximation procedure is used to obtain the Bayes estimate of the probability of exceedence of a flood discharge. The Bayes estimates of the probability of exceedence has been shown by S.K. Sinha to be equivalent to the estimate of the probability of exceedence from the predictive or Bayesian disribution, of a future flood discharge. The evaluation of complex ratios of multiple integrals common in a Bayesian analysis is not necessary using Lindley's procedure. The Bayes estimates are compared to those obtained by the method of maximum likelihood and the method of moments. The results show that Bayes estimates of the probability of exceedence are larger as expected, but have smaller posterior standard deviations.     

Bayesian Equivalent Sample Toolkit (BEST): an Excel VBA program for probabilistic characterisation of geotechnical properties from limited observation data

In site investigation, the amount of observation data obtained for geotechnical property characterisation is often too sparse to obtain meaningful statistics and probability distributions of geotechnical properties. To address this problem, a Bayesian equivalent sample method was recently developed. This paper aims to generalize the Bayesian equivalent sample method to various geotechnical properties, when measured by different direct or indirect test procedures, and to implement the generalized method in Excel by developing an Excel VBA program called Bayesian Equivalent Sample Toolkit (BEST). The BEST program makes it possible for practitioners to apply the Bayesian equivalent sample method without being compromised by sophisticated algorithms in probability, statistics and simulation. The program is demonstrated and validated through examples of soil and rock property characterisations.     

Research on Cultural Dimension of Natural Disaster:A Literature Review

Culture provides an important perspective to understand society. It is one of the key factors that impact how people behave themselves, interact with one another, view the world; what they believe and value. Therefore, a good understanding of public disaster awareness and disaster coping is impossible without taking their culture context into consideration. Since the 1960s, cultural dimension in disaster issues and/or disaster reduction practices has been attracting increasingly attention; many empirical or theoretical explorations have been reported. This review aims to give an overview of research progresses on how culture impacts public awareness and coping of disasters, and analyze the corresponding implications for disaster research and disaster reduction practice. This review summarizes that: ①There is unanimous consensus on public awareness and coping of disaster, which are affected by their culture context. While the knowledge about the ways and degree of impact is still limited, further research is warranted. In addition, more systematic and in-depth studies conducted from cross-cultural perspectives are needed to design to further explore the origins of variance in public disaster awareness and coping, and to what extent from cultural differences. ②Research on public awareness of disaster, emergency response and recovery indicated that culture might have double-side impacts on disaster management—sometimes cultural factors such as value, norm, custom and belief might lead to people more vulnerable than the others, even could be the root causes, but they could also be the source of people’s resilience to disaster in some cases. How to identify those positive and negative impacts, then develop cultural-oriented disaster management policy is a challenge issue, which need special attention. ③There is an increasing acknowledgement that local knowledge and disaster subculture could play an important role in public disaster coping, while the lacking of the awareness of the value of local knowledge, the change of lifestyle, and the impact from external culture pose a threat to the inheritance of some local, traditional disaster coping strategies. So exploring how to conserve, protect, identify, document them, then combine them with modern science and technology should and will be the focus of relevant studies. On the bases of these summarizations, in terms of cultural dimension of natural disaster research in China, systematic and in-depth studies are needed to explore how Chinese culture affects public disaster awareness and coping, what cultural resources can be used in disaster (risk) reduction and for building and enhancing disaster resilience, and how to use them.     

The rise of the scientific fisherman: Mobilising knowledge and negotiating user rights in the Devon inshore brown crab fishery,UK

This article draws on a process of collaborative research associated with the brown crab fishery in Devon, UK. It charts the mobilisation of knowledge in the struggle over ‘ownership’ and influence in the coastal zone. Using methods from the social and behavioural sciences the article outlines different perspectives on a number of key contestations across the domains of sustainable use and a new conservation agenda ushered in by the introduction of European and UK national marine spatial planning tools for the South Coast of England. Along with their introduction and the ‘opening up’ of marine space, new opportunities emerge for fishers, who, by building alliances with scientists and managers, and by drawing upon the methods and materials of science, are better able to negotiate for their own interests over access and control of marine resources. The paper concludes by outlining the emergence of a new type of scientifically literate fisherman, a ‘political actor with a new crew’, better able to implement collective actions towards the sustainable use of brown crab resources.     

基于资源三号卫星影像变化更新的应用浅析

选取哈尔滨市周边地区作为试验区,基于资源三号卫星影像和历史DLG信息,综合利用栅格计算方法和矢量套合比较方法进行变化发现,按照地物类别特性和指标构建变化检测知识库来消除大部分伪变化,辅助解译人员更新要素,为以后的常态性更新提供参考。     

面向对象灾害遥感判读知识库设计与实现

灾害遥感研究与应用中积累的判读知识是灾害应急中灾情信息快速、准确提取的重要依据,为了重复利用专家所掌握的不可多得的判读知识,需要通过知识库将其存储管理起来,以实现共享和利用。本文采用面向对象和模糊加权产生式规则的知识表达方法,研制了灾害遥感判读知识库,实现了知识获取、管理与推理,为判读人员提供了学习灾害判读知识和灾害应急应用的平台,对自动化和智能化的灾害遥感信息提取研究将起到推动作用。     

国外环境责任行为研究进展及对中国的启示

随着可持续发展理念的普及,环境责任行为的研究受到越来越多的关注。为了全面了解环境责任行为研究的知识基础、研究热点和研究趋势,本文以1990-2016年“Web of Science”数据库中4675篇环境责任行为相关文献为研究对象,借助引文可视化软件CiteSpace工具,绘制了共引期刊、共引作者、共引文献、共现关键词和突现词知识图谱。从文献计量统计分析来看,环境责任行为研究领域的知识基础包括“价值—信念—规范理论”、“计划行为理论”、“规范激活理论”、“环境责任行为模式”、“多因素整合模式”以及“新生态范式”量表等;环境责任行为主要围绕环境关心、环境关心的社会基础、影响环境行为的因素、测量量表以及理论模型构建等方面展开;研究趋势主要包括应对全球气候变化与可持续发展、环境责任行为预测指标的转移倾向、环境责任行为影响因素纵深发展、理论模型的建构以及对实践的指导。最后展望了环境责任行为在中国的研究方向,包括对现有理论的梳理评述、构建适合中国文化背景理论、跨学科多角度研究、着重情景因素的研究、干预政策的制定、环境行为的细分及其影响因素研究、测量工具的开发以及研究方法的创新等方面,为中国进一步开展环境责任行为研究奠定基础。