塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区古生界油气藏成藏期次

本文利用塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区8口井53块样品开展了流体包裹体的荧光观察和显微测温、测盐系统分析,并结合埋藏史、热演化史确定了研究区古生界油气藏的主要成藏期次及成藏时间。研究结果表明,研究区古生界油气藏曾发生过2期4个幕次的油气运聚事件,即：海西晚期的早成藏阶段,其可进一步划分为晚石炭世—早二叠世（距今309.40~289.20 Ma）和晚二叠世—早三叠世（距今262.90~241.20 Ma）2个幕次;喜马拉雅晚期的晚成藏阶段,主要以高成熟油充注及天然气成藏为主,其可划分为新近纪晚期（距今6.31~4.17 Ma）和第四纪早期（距今2.31~1.62 Ma）2个幕次。结合盆地构造演化史认为,2期油气运聚事件分别受海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期构造运动控制,印支—燕山期构造抬升中止了烃源岩演化,形成了海西晚期和喜马拉雅晚期2个重要的油气成藏时期。     

西昌盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气保存条件研究

保存条件是影响页岩气富集高产的关键因素。本文综合利用地质、钻井等资料,分析了西昌盆地五峰组-龙马溪组的顶底板条件、构造特征、地层压力特征和气体组分,从宏观和微观两个方面对影响页岩气保存的主要指标进行了研究,在此基础上开展了西昌盆地保存条件综合评价。结果表明：盆地各凹陷主要由走滑-冲断带相隔,凹陷内地层缓倾,构造样式表现为宽缓-开阔褶皱,由于受到盆缘断裂冲断作用的影响,盆缘褶皱常表现为紧闭-闭合褶皱,地层近于直立,局部发生倒转;西昌盆地内部构造缩短量较少,缩短率均<20%,指示整个盆地内部构造变形强度较弱;盆地南部布拖区域,龙马溪组页岩可形成典型压力封存箱式地质结构,箱内与箱外存在一定压力系数差,箱内地层压力稳定,保存条件好;综合多期构造作用下的断裂和裂缝发育状况、隆升剥蚀、构造变形条件等因素,在西昌盆地东缘优选出昭觉和布拖两个页岩气有利区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部马家沟组含钾蒸发岩系沉积机制及保存条件

鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起东侧奥陶系是海相固体钾盐矿的重要靶区。本文在岩心、测井和地震等资料的基础上,开展了该地区马家沟组中组合(马五~5~马五~(10)亚段)的沉积微相、蒸发岩分布、蒸发岩形成机制和保存条件研究。结果表明:马家沟组中组合总体为局限台地环境,可进一步划分出潮坪、潮缘滩、外潟湖、内潟湖等沉积微相,各微相沿古隆起呈环带状展布,内潟湖是含钾蒸发岩的主要形成环境;内潟湖沉积具有明显的旋回性,马五~6、马五~8、马五~(10)时期为海退蒸发环境,以蒸发岩和白云岩为主,马五~5、马五~7、马五~9时期为海侵环境,以灰岩为主;海退期,向心浓缩作用形成了大型米脂蒸发盐盆,进一步在"深水成盐"机制下沉积了大量厚层含钾蒸发岩系;岩溶地貌与含钾蒸发岩系分布的关系表明含钾蒸发岩系主体分布于岩溶盆地内幕。印支期岩溶作用的强度和深度分析进一步显示古岩溶作用在岩溶盆地范围内基本未破坏到马家沟组中组合的含钾蒸发岩系,具备了钾盐矿的沉积和保存条件。     

中国红土与自然地带变迁

我国第四纪冷期气候及自然地带变迁的研究较多,本文则专论暖期,根据棕红色土,红土,强风化红土网纹红土的时空分布,结合其它环境标志,论述亚热带北部,亚热带南部,热带这３个自然地带在上新世以来的４个暖期的配置,推断华北,长江中下游,华中,华南这４个区域的暖期气候变迁及其变幅。     

鄱阳湖自然保护区生态环境分析

本文叙述了鄱阳湖自然保护区生态环境和保护策略。由于鄱阳湖所处的地理位置和地形，所以具有丰富的水和热气候资源，以及丰富的水陆动植物资源，保护区有优越的候鸟栖息生活条件，区内冬季气候温和，平均气温在5．O℃以上，平均水温为6．O℃，平均水深为0．2～O．6m，目前水质较好，鸟类资源丰富，有珍禽鹤类群。     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS ( BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ) WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

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Evaluation Methods and Indexes for Ultra-deep Petroleum Reservoir Preservation with Case Studies

Following consideration of the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high in-situ stress in ultra-deep sedimentary basins, together with the existence of hydrocarbon phase state transformation, hydrocarbon-water-rock interaction and rock mechanical property transition at those depths, the evaluation index system for hydrocarbon preservation was established. The physical leakage evaluation indexes can be divided into three categories: the dynamic efficiency indexes of micro-sealing, caprock integrity and natural gas diffusion. The chemical loss evaluation indexes can be divided into two categories: the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) index in marine gypsum-bearing carbonate strata and the thermochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons (TOH) index in clastic strata. The slippage angle and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) are the key evaluation indexes in the evaluation of the integrity of shale caprocks. TSR intensity can be quantitatively calculated by use of the ZnPVT state parameter method. The TOH strength can be used to estimate the degree of hydrocarbon chemical loss, based on the TOH-related authigenic calcite cement content or the degree of negative δ13C of authigenic calcite. For the evaluation of ultra-deep preservation in specific areas, key indexes can be selected according to the local geological conditions, instead of all indexes needing to be evaluated for every scenario.     

中三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地富有机质页岩发育的天文调控

地球轨道周期引起的气候波动是富有机质页岩发育的重要驱动因素。陆相页岩沉积相变快, 非均质性强, 天文信号识别和解译面临一定挑战。在中三叠世拉丁期, 鄂尔多斯盆地广泛发育了长7段富有机质页岩, 是研究陆相有机碳埋藏和古气候变化的优良素材。本研究选取鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡南部Y1011钻孔中三叠统长7段地层为分析对象。长7段取芯长度为65.93 m, 主要岩性为黑色页岩、灰色粉砂岩和灰黑色泥质粉砂岩组合。使用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪在长7段岩芯表面测得1265条数据, 使用碳/氮分析仪获取了长7段207块岩芯样品的总有机碳(TOC)与总氮(TN)含量。结果显示, TOC变化范围为0.38%~14.87%, C/N比值范围为3.98~15.63, 表明浮游藻类是沉积物有机质的主要来源, 同时部分混合了陆生维管束植物的贡献; 通过长7段Rb/Sr与TOC时间序列的频谱分析, 识别出稳定的地球轨道周期信号; 对最显著的21.8 m沉积旋回进行天文调谐, 获得长7段沉积持续时间约为1.29 Ma; 结合高精度年龄锚点, 揭示出长7段底界面和顶界面的年龄分别为241.56±0.22 Ma和240.27±0.22 Ma。长7段页岩沉积非均质性特征、古生产力与有机质保存旋回变化的响应周期均为405 ka; 偏心率对岁差具有调制作用, 通过驱动季风降雨与大陆风化的波动, 控制湖盆初级生产力输入旋回。对硫酸盐还原指数(SRI)时间序列提取到405 ka旋回, 揭示了有机质的消耗与保存在地球轨道力影响下的周期性演化。在405 ka长偏心率高值时期, 高生产力与保存条件的耦合有利于长7段页岩有机质富集。拉丁期湿润气候事件与秦岭造山带火山活动等地质事件对富有机质页岩沉积具有协同控制作用。本研究为探索地球多圈层相互作用控制的陆相有机碳埋藏提供了案例参考。

     

The role of diatoms, dissolved silicate and Antarctic glaciation in glacial/interglacial climatic change: a hypothesis

A new theory is proposed to explain global cooling at the onset of Pleistocene glacial periods. Atmospheric CO₂ drawdown is considered to be the driving force behind global cooling, brought about by heightened productivity at the equatorial divergences and along continental margins, particularly in upwelling regions. Eutrophication appears to be triggered when global warming during late interglacial periods causes accelerated melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This would release large reserves of silicate-enriched subglacial meltwaters into the surrounding oceans where entrainment would take place into deep and intermediate currents forming in Antarctic and subantarctic waters. Subsequent advection, mixing and upwelling of silicate-enriched deep and intermediate waters into the coastal zones and open-ocean divergences results in the proliferation of large, rapidly-sinking diatom species with a high affinity for dissolved silicate. These blooms enhance rates of recycling of N and P in upwelling regions and accelerate rates of organic carbon production, export and sequestration in shelf and slope sediments and in the deep sea. The resultant atm. CO₂ drawdown initiates global cooling. Consequent expansion of Northern Hemisphere glaciers lowers sea level, while increased temperature and pressure gradients between equatorial and polar regions intensify meridional winds. The former process exposes nutrient-enriched coastal sediments to wave erosion, thereby releasing new nutrient supplies, while the latter process enhances upwelling. The combined effect is to greatly increase rates of org. C production and export from continental margins and further accelerate atm. CO₂ drawdown. Glacial-period cooling is also enhanced by a number of other positive feedbacks, including changes in albedo, water vapour and cloud cover. Episodic warming intervals during glacial periods may be related to insolation changes associated with orbital precession and tilt cycles, but processes involved in deglaciation and reversion to the interglacial climatic regime are complex and not yet fully understood.     

The developmental trend of labrum and median eyes of Orsten-type preserved Phosphatocopina (Crustacea)

The Phosphatocopina (Crustacea,Arthropoda) is an important group of 'Orsten-type' preserved fossils.It is resolved as the sister-group of Eucrustacea.Here we study the labrum,the median eyes,and the inner lamella of Phosphatocopina based on the selected specimens respectively from western Hunan,South China,and Sweden.The labrum characters of different species exhibit interspecific difference.The ratio of labrum length/shield length is significant to the reconstruction of the ontogeny of phosphatocopines.The...