应用模式识别方法预测油气储集层

本文论述了模式识别在地震油气解释中的应用,并提出了一套实现的方法.在地震资料处理中提出了信息保持的思想和处理方法.从特殊处理后的地震记录中提取多种地震特征,这些特征主要来自地震道的自回归系数、最大熵频谱和自相关函数.利用聚类分析和判别分析方法对地震特征向量进行分类,实例表明,本文提出的地震模式识别方法能有效地划分油气储集层,即使在油层较薄或是反射变化不明显的地区也能奏效.     

RS image fusion technique for information preservation

A simple spectral preserving image fusion technique, Edge Enhancement Color Normalized (EECN), was proposed to merge two kinds of image data. In addition, a mathematical model was also proposed to evaluate spectral property of the fused production of EECN. The results were clearly demonstrated by an image fusion experiment using Landsat-5 TM and IRS-1C Panchromatic images of Beijing, China. The visual evaluation and mathematical analysis compared with Brovey transform confirmed that the fused image of EECN is quite similar in color to the lower resolution multi-spectral images, and its space resolution is the same as the higher solution panchromatic image.     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS ( BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ) WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

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海藻标本的采集、制作和保存

阐述了海藻标本的采集时间和地点、所需的采集工具、采集过程中应注意的事项以及标本的制作和保存方法。     

Sediment characteristics and internal architecture of offshore sand ridges on a tideless continental shelf (western Mediterranean)

An integrated approach combining swath bathymetry, an extensive dataset of vibrocores and high-resolution seismic reflection data was used to assess the origin and evolution of offshore sand ridges on a tideless continental shelf (Gulf of Valencia, western Mediterranean). The sand ridges are located in the mid-outer shelf at 55–85 m water depth, obliquely oriented to the shoreline. They are 1.5 to 7 m high, with a wavelength between 600 and 1,100 m and a mean height-to-wavelength ratio of 0.004. The sand ridges are composed of well-sorted medium sand and are partially covered by a mud layer, evidencing a moribund stage. They overlie an erosion surface that locally crops out at the seafloor and is interpreted as the Holocene wave-ravinement surface. In the sediment cores, this surface corresponds to an erosional lag composed of coarse sand and gravel with pebbles. Small topographic irregularities on this surface are interpreted as shoreline-associated features that may act as the precursor for ridge development. Their preservation within the sand ridges could be related to the hardness of these features. Internally, the sand ridges display high-angle dipping reflections, indicating ridge migration towards the southeast in the direction of the present-day sediment transport direction. The presence of interbedded mud layers, associated with these reflections, indicates intermittent episodes of mud deposition when active. The internal architecture of some small ridges also provides new insights into their transition from an active to moribund state, as evidenced by a change in the geometry of the internal units from progradational to aggradational, finally being overlain by onlapping finer deposits over the flanks and in the troughs. The Gulf of Valencia sand ridge field constitutes a valuable potential sand resource of 22 million m³ of well-sorted medium and coarse sand with limited mud content, which must be preserved as a strategic sand reservoir. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neotectonics and slope stabilization at the Alhambra, Granada, Spain

Over 600 years, the Alhambra Palace of Granada, Spain, (a World Heritage site) has been damaged by earthquakes and slope instability. The western part of San Pedro Cliff, on the northern slope of the palace is a compound fault scarp — fault-line scarp, modified by river erosion and latterly by successive slab falls. The plane of the fault with the largest throw (c. 7 m) outcrops in the innermost part of the escarpment, and is a normal fault with a NW–SE strike and steep SE dip. It is part of a set outcropping along the Alhambra hill. Fault activity may be very recent, perhaps related to historical earthquakes. Seismic risk at the Alhambra is considered to be moderate: there is earthquake damage of the Arab walls and barrier. The most significant historical damage occurred in 1431 and partially collapsed the Arab barrier. Extension associated with the faults loosens the ground and contributes to slab falls. The faults are also preferential water paths. Both the many cracks of the walls and collapses of the Alhambra barrier appear concentrated and aligned with the fault set.Stability analyses suggest that the factor of safety of the San Pedro slope under 1000-yr-return-period earthquake loading may drop below 1.0 and the critical slip surface could penetrate the Alhambra walls. To raise the safety factor above 1.0 and to counteract extensional stress in the cliff, an apparently environmentally acceptable solution with minimal visual impact is proposed. It consists of high-yield-stress wire mesh, post-tensioned by anchors, and coloured to blend with the cliff.     

埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪之交微生物岩特征对比及古海洋学意义: 以汉南—米仓山地区为例*

寒武纪初期不仅发生了宏体生物大爆发,而且也出现了地质历史时期少见的蓝细菌鞘体大规模钙化事件。埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪之交海水化学性质的转变对真核生物的演化起到了重要作用,但是这种转变对微生物岩发育特征以及蓝细菌钙化事件的产生有无影响,目前尚不明确。鉴于此,对华南上扬子北缘汉南—米仓山地区上埃迪卡拉统—寒武系第二统多个典型微生物岩发育剖面进行了系统野外调查和室内岩石学分析,结果表明:上埃迪卡拉统灯影组叠层石广泛发育,以平铺状、缓波状特征为主,而凝块石既可以呈补丁状分布于叠层石纹层间,又可以呈细小的凝絮状、粘结状特征构成厚层岩层;寒武系第二统仙女洞组叠层石丰度显著降低,以高大、坚硬的丘状隆起为特点,包括单独的凝块石丘,以及微生物与古杯的联合建丘。虽然寒武系第二统微生物岩的层状结构和凝块结构与埃迪卡拉系相比并无太大差异,但是寒武系微生物岩内部保存有大量的钙化微生物化石,已识别出附枝菌(Epiphyton)、肾形菌(Renalcis)和葛万菌(Girvanella)等多种类型。在收集、整理前人有关微生物岩特征和发育资料的基础上,本次研究初步整理出华南寒武系第二统微生物岩的时空分布特点,发现寒武纪第二世第三期是钙化微生物大量发育的一个时期,在随后的第四期达到一个小的高峰。对于此次蓝细菌钙化作用幕的启动机制,除前人提出的海水高钙离子浓度和蓝细菌体内二氧化碳浓缩机制等认识外,寒武纪早期海水性质的转变(方解石质原生矿物受成岩改造程度较低)、适度的陆源碎屑输入(黏土组分保护作用)也有利于钙化微生物结构的保存,应引起重视。     

龙胜矿产资源开发保护规划与区域经济的可持续发展

龙胜县矿产资源丰富，经多年的开发利用，基本形成了以滑石为龙头，辅以金、铅锌、温泉的资源开发格局。为了正确处理好矿产资源开发与生态保护、矿业经济与生态经济建设的关系，通过对龙胜县矿产资源开发利用形势的调查研究，阐述了在规范龙胜县的矿业活动及调整矿业经济结构方面的思路。指出以矿山开采企业为主体的龙胜矿业经济体系，其资源开发利用层次不高，经济效益不理想，产生的环境影响也比较大。认为调整矿业产业结构，改变矿业经济不合理增长方式，已成为保障矿业经济可持续健康发展的首要任务。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部马家沟组含钾蒸发岩系沉积机制及保存条件

鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起东侧奥陶系是海相固体钾盐矿的重要靶区。本文在岩心、测井和地震等资料的基础上,开展了该地区马家沟组中组合(马五~5~马五~(10)亚段)的沉积微相、蒸发岩分布、蒸发岩形成机制和保存条件研究。结果表明:马家沟组中组合总体为局限台地环境,可进一步划分出潮坪、潮缘滩、外潟湖、内潟湖等沉积微相,各微相沿古隆起呈环带状展布,内潟湖是含钾蒸发岩的主要形成环境;内潟湖沉积具有明显的旋回性,马五~6、马五~8、马五~(10)时期为海退蒸发环境,以蒸发岩和白云岩为主,马五~5、马五~7、马五~9时期为海侵环境,以灰岩为主;海退期,向心浓缩作用形成了大型米脂蒸发盐盆,进一步在"深水成盐"机制下沉积了大量厚层含钾蒸发岩系;岩溶地貌与含钾蒸发岩系分布的关系表明含钾蒸发岩系主体分布于岩溶盆地内幕。印支期岩溶作用的强度和深度分析进一步显示古岩溶作用在岩溶盆地范围内基本未破坏到马家沟组中组合的含钾蒸发岩系,具备了钾盐矿的沉积和保存条件。     

The Ecology of Intertidal Amphipods in the Oslofjord. The Life Cycles of Chaetogammarus marinus and C. stoerensis

Abstract. In the Oslofjord two species of the amphipod genus Chaetogammarus, C. marinus (LEACH, 1815) and C. stoerensis (REID, 1938) were found to be annual species with similar life cycles. No differences in life cycle traits were found between two C. stoerensis populations where one occupied a freshwater influenced beach and the other a fully marine beach. The breeding period of both species was short and lasted from April to the end of May or early June. Frost prohibited embryonic development in the first part of April so few juveniles were released before the middle of May. In late May and early June all specimens which survived the winter died. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of females, and females produce two to three broods during lifetime. Between 16 and 31 % of the newly laid eggs failed to complete their development. The life cycle of populations of the two species from other geographical areas are compared with the Oslofjord data.