花岗岩在剪切带中定位机制的几个实例——赴英考察报告节摘

本文介绍了不列颠群岛地质背景和花岗岩在剪切带中定位机制的几个实例,即Donegal、Strantian,Ox山脉花岗岩和Ardnamurchan中心杂岩体。它是作者访英考察报告中的主要部分,也是英国花岗岩及其定位机制的最新成果。对我们了解花岗岩研究的现代水平,具有借鉴作用。     

招平断裂带中段深部结构构造——来自地震剖面的证据

玲珑花岗岩岩基东侧的招平断裂带是胶西北矿集区的主要控矿构造之一。布设于招平断裂带中段大尹格庄矿区的地震剖面,揭示了招平断裂带中段深部的结构构造特征,地震剖面显示,玲珑岩基内部有多个类似"拱弧构造"的岩浆侵入形成的弧形界面,由此推测存在2~3期的岩浆活动。剖面显示了3期构造组合样式,第1期为以招平断裂带和宋家河断裂为组合倾向SE的铲式断裂,底部似汇入统一的构造滑脱带;第2期为倾向NW的错断了招平断裂带的反倾伸展断裂;第3期为NE向延伸以花状构造为特征的走滑断裂。前两期反映构造发育处于伸展环境,第3期显示为左行走滑。招平断裂带深部延伸存在分支复合现象,形成由2个主裂面夹持的透镜状岩片。地震反射剖面数据的获得对深刻理解该区域中生代岩浆构造演化过程和深部找矿具有重要的借鉴意义。     

浙江沐尘石英二长岩体的岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

出露于江山-绍兴断裂带西南段东南侧的沐尘岩体,以发育暗色包体和环斑长石为特征,具有显著的岩浆混合作用.寄主岩为二长岩-石英二长岩组合,包体岩石为二长闪长岩.二长岩组合.造岩矿物有钾长石、斜长石、石英、普通角闪石和黑云母.岩石富碱(Na2O K2O=6.58%～10.42%,平均8.41%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O=0.72～1.45,平均1.16)、贫钛(TiO2=0.37%～1.22%,平均0.76%)、富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,具有钾玄质系列的岩石地球化学特征.该岩体侵位于后碰撞弧构造环境,是早白垩世早期该区重要的构造.岩浆热事件的产物.     

Advective heat transfer and fabric development in a shallow crustal intrusive granite — the case of Proterozoic Vellaturu granite,south India

Syntectonic plutons emplaced in shallow crust often contain intermediate-to low-temperature deformation microstructures but lack a high-temperature, subsolidus deformation fabric, although the relict magmatic fabric is preserved. The Proterozoic Vellaturu granite emplaced at the eastern margin of the northern Nallamalai fold belt, south India during the late phase of regional deformation has a common occurrence of intermediate-to low-temperature deformation fabric, superimposed over magmatic fabric with an internally complex pattern. But high-T subsolidus deformation microstructure and fabric are absent in this pluton. The main crystal plastic deformation and fluid enhanced reaction softening was concentrated along the margin of the granite body. Resulting granite mylonites show Y-maximum c-axis fabric in completely recrystallized quartz ribbonds, dynamic recrystallization of perthites, and myrmekite indicative of fabric development under intermediate temperature (∼ 500–400°C). The weakly-deformed interior shows myrmekite, feldspar microfracturing and limited bulging recrystallization of quartz. The abundance of prism subgrain boundaries is indicative of continuing deformation through low-temperature (∼ 300°C). The relative rates of cooling influenced by advective heat transfer and deformation of the pluton seem to control the overall subsolidus fabric development. The rapid advective heat transfer from the interior in the early stages of subsolidus cooling was followed by slow cooling through intermediate temperature window as a well-developed phyllosilicate rich mylonitic skin around the granite body slowed down conductive heat loss. Low-T crystal plastic deformation of quartz was effected at a late stage of cooling and deformation of the shallow crustal granite body emplaced within the greenschist facies Nallamlai rocks.     

Determining magma flow in sills,dykes and laccoliths and their implications for sill emplacement mechanisms

Three-dimensional seismic data from the Faeroe-Shetland Basin provides detailed information on the relationships between sills, dykes, laccoliths and contemporaneous volcanic activity. The data shows that sills are predominantly concave upwards, being complete or partial versions of radially or bilaterally symmetrical forms that possess flat inner saucers connected to a flat outer rim by a steeply inclined sheet. Such morphologies are only partially modified by pre-existing faults. Sills can be sourced from dykes or the steep climbing portions of deeper sills. Both sills and dykes can provide magma to overlying volcanic fissures and sills can be shown to feed shallow laccoliths. Magma flow patterns, as revealed by opacity rendering, suggest that sills propagate upwards and outwards away from the magma feeder. As an individual sill can consist of several leaves emplaced at different stratigraphic levels, and as a sill or dyke can provide magma to volcanic fissures, other sills and laccoliths, the data suggests that neutral buoyancy concepts may not provide a complete explanation for the mechanism and level of sill emplacement. Instead, the data suggests that the presence of lithological contrasts, particularly ductile horizons such as overpressured shales may permit sill formation at any level below the neutrally buoyant level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Ken Thomson–deceased, April 2007     

Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex,Bohemian Massif: evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal–mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber

The present paper examines magmatic structures in the Jizera and Liberec granites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The magmatic structures are here interpreted to preserve direct field evidence for highly localized magma flow and other processes in crystal-rich mushes, and to capture the evolution of physical processes in an ancient granitic magma chamber. We propose that after chamber-wide mixing and hybridization, as suggested by recent petrological studies, laminar magma flow became highly localized to weaker channel-like domains within the higher-strength crystal framework. Mafic schlieren formed at flow rims, and their formation presumably involved gravitational settling and velocity gradient flow sorting coupled with interstitial melt escape. Local thermal or compositional convection may have resulted in the formation of vertical schlieren tubes and ladder dikes whereas subhorizontal tubes or channels formed during flow driven by lateral gradients in magma pressure. After the cessation or deceleration of channel flow, gravity-driven processes (settling of crystals and enclaves, gravitational differentiation, development of downward dripping instabilities), accompanied by compaction, filter pressing and melt segregation, dominated in the crystal mush within the flow channels. Subsequently, magmatic folds developed in schlieren layers and the magma chamber recorded complex, late magmatic strains at high magma crystallinities. Late-stage magma pulsing into localized submagmatic cracks represents the latest events of magmatic history of the chamber prior to its final crystallization. We emphasize that the most favorable environments for the formation and preservation of magmatic structures, such as those hosted in the Jizera and Liberec granites, are slowly cooling crystal-rich mushes. Therefore, where preserved in plutons, these structures may lend strong support for a “mush model” of magmatic systems.     

走滑拉分作用与相山产铀火山盆地的就位

相山火山盆地是我国著名的产铀火山盆地。本文依据相山盆地深部地质研究成果以及大陆动力学理论，探讨了相山产铀火山盆地的就位机制。研究表明，相山火山盆地火山活动划分为两个旋回，其就位受制于区域深断裂的走滑拉分作用。即第一旋回的火山机构就位于NE向深断裂右旋走滑复活产生的EW向拉分构造，形成了东西向展布的裂隙式火山喷溢带；第二旋回的火山机构就位于NE向深断裂左旋走滑复活产生的SN向拉分构造与EW向基底断裂的结点，产生了中心式火山岩浆喷溢侵出。此外，还探讨了富大铀矿的形成机制。     

内蒙古沙麦岩体：正εNd（t）值的过铝质花岗岩

内蒙古沙麦岩体位于大兴安岭中段西坡,是二连浩特-东乌珠穆沁旗花岗岩带的重要组成部分。岩体中脉岩和围岩捕虏体较为发育,岩性组合主要为中细粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒似斑状花岗岩。在化学成分上,沙麦岩体以铝弱过饱和,富硅,全碱含量中等和低磷为特点,标准矿物中刚玉分子大于1%,可归为过铝质 S 型花岗岩。在稀土元素和微量元素组成上,岩体富 Rb、Th、U、Ta,贫 Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Rb/Sr 比值高,K/Rb 比值低,Eu 负异常明显。在 Nd 同位素组成上,岩体 Nd 同位素组成变化较大,除一件样品ε_(Nd)(t)值为负值以外,普遍以具正ε_(Nd)(t)值为特点,T_(2DM)值介于275.79～1048.41Ma 之间。研究结果表明,沙麦岩体形成于晚中生代后造山的岩石圈伸展环境中,是幔源基性岩浆底侵及其诱发的壳-幔混合岩浆,同化中上地壳泥质围岩并经高程度分离结晶的产物。