Inelastic buildings with tuned mass dampers under moderate ground motions from distant earthquakes

The effectiveness of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in vibration control of buildings was investigated under moderate ground shaking caused by long‐distance earthquakes with frequency contents resembling the 1985 Mexico City (SCT) or the 1995 Bangkok ground motion. The elastic–perfectly plastic material behaviour was assumed for the main structure, with linear TMDs employed by virtue of their simplicity and robustness. The accumulated hysteretic energy dissipation affected by TMD was examined, and the ratio of the hysteretic energy absorption in the structure with TMD to that without it is proposed to be used, in conjunction with the peak displacement ratio, as a supplementary TMD performance index since it gives an indication of the accumulated damage induced in the inelastic structures. For the ground motions considered, TMD would be effective in reducing the hysteretic energy absorption demand in the critical storeys for buildings in the 1.8–2.8 s range. The consequence is reduction in damage of the buildings which would otherwise suffer heavy damage in the absence of TMD, resulting in economical restorability in the damage control limit state. This is of practical significance in view of the current trend toward performance‐based design. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Torsional mechanisms in ductile building systems

It is postulated that in order to estimate torsional effects on the seismic response of ductile building structures, the associated plastic mechanism to be developed in the three-dimensional system should be identified. The proposed approach is very different from that embodied in building codes. Inelastic structures are classified as either torsionally unrestrained or restrained. It is shown that clearly defined mechanisms that are to be mobilized, enable the acceptable system ductility demand to be estimated. This should ensure that the corresponding demands imposed on critical translatory elements of the system do not exceed their established displacement ductility capacity. To this end familiar quantities, such as element yield displacement and stiffness, are redefined. Comparisons are made of the intents of existing codified design approaches and those emphasising the role of imposed inelastic displacements. A simple treatment of the consequences of earthquake-induced inelastic skew displacements is also addressed. The primary aim of the paper is to offer very simple concepts, based on easily identifiable plastic mechanisms, to be utilized in structural design rather than advancement in analyses. Detailed design applications of these concepts are described elsewhere. The approach is an extension of the deterministic philosophy of capacity design, now used in some countries. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

克拉玛依科博馆倾斜结构抗震设计

结合克拉玛依市科技博物馆工程,对超限倾斜结构设定性能设计目标,并针对性能目标提出抗震措施及抗震构造措施.考虑结构材料的非线性属性,采用静力非线性分析方法,分析倾斜框架-剪力墙结构在地震作用下的响应,尤其是结构在罕遇地震作用下的非线性动力特性.结果表明,结构在罕遇地震下也是安全可靠的,剪力墙尚处在弹性范围,未出现塑性铰,...     

Physical and chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean

We investigated the plastics ingested by short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, that were accidentally caught during experimental fishing in the North Pacific Ocean in 2003 and 2005. The mean mass of plastics found in the stomach was 0.23 g per bird (n = 99). Plastic mass did not correlate with body weight. Total PCB (sum of 24 congeners) concentrations in the abdominal adipose tissue of 12 birds ranged from 45 to 529 ng/g-lipid. Although total PCBs or higher-chlorinated congeners, the mass of ingested plastic correlated positively with concentrations of lower-chlorinated congeners. The effects of toxic chemicals present in plastic debris on bird physiology should be investigated.     

FRP约束混凝土矩形短柱的延性分析

将已有混凝土柱延性的定义、纤维截面模型及等效塑性铰方法应用于纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束矩形混凝土试件的延性分析,通过FRP约束矩形混凝土应力-应变关系考虑FRP约束的影响,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。同时,对FRP约束混凝土矩形柱延性的主要影响参数进行了分析,该方法可以进一步用于FRP约束混凝土试件延性的定量参数研究。     

长乐-东山构造-岩浆带中北段地质特征

从复杂的构造变形中甄别出岩浆岩的塑性流动变形,与韧性和脆-韧性变形区别,力争还原长乐—泉州沿海一带地质构造的真实面目,并探讨了该带的活动时间和构造属性。另外还对该带长期争论的澳角群进行了初步的分解,锆石SHRIMP测年数据也反映了平潭南务里一带变质岩的复杂性。     

Multiscale approach to geo‐composite cellular structures subjected to rock impacts

Geo‐composite cellular structures are an efficient technological solution for various applications in civil engineering. This type of structure is particularly well adapted to resisting rockfalls and can act as a defensive structure. However, the design of such structures is for the most part empirically based; this lack of research‐based design stagnates optimization and advanced development. In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of a geo‐composite cellular structure is investigated using a multi‐scale approach, from the individual cell made up of an assembly of rocky particles contained in a wire netting cage to the entire structure composed of a regular array of cells. Based on discrete modelling of both the cell and structure scales, a computational tool has been developed for design purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北疆棉区棉花膜下滴灌蒸散规律研究

通过对膜下灌溉技术下蒸散观测数据的分析，初步确定了棉花在整个生育期的蒸散量为500-600mm。在此基础上，分析了膜下灌溉技术对棉花产质量的影响。     

密肋壁板结构计算模型及Pushover分析

在前期试验和理论研究的基础上,将密肋壁板结构中的密肋复合墙板等效为整体斜撑,提出结构的刚架 - 等效斜撑力学模型,并结合试验数据确立了该模型主要参数的计算方法及塑性铰的设定.采用该模型对一实际密肋壁板结构进行了Pushover分析并进行了抗震性能评估.结果表明采用该模型是实现密肋壁板结构Pushover分析及抗震性能评估的一种有效方法.     

应用塑性图对陕西特殊土的判别

塑性图是由卡萨格兰德（Ａ·Ｃａｓａｇｒａｎｄｅ）于１９４２年首次提出的，该图将阿太量（Ａ·Ａｅｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ）界限（液限、塑限）应用于土质分类．本文根据塑性图判别理论并应用塑性图，对陕西省特殊土（黄土、三趾马红土、膨胀土等）进行了判别，结果为黄土位于ＣＬＹ区，三趾马红土和膨胀土位于ＣＨＥ区，其效果较好，达到了分类的目的．