海洋沉积物中色素生物标志物研究进展

海洋沉积物中的光合色素包含着水体、沉积物中浮游和底栖植物以及微生物群落的丰富信息,能表征特定生物来源,在埋藏到沉积物甚至发生某些改变之后仍然保留其源信息,是一类重要的化学生物标志物.结合总有机碳、总氮等其他海洋地球化学参数,沉积色素可用来研究海洋浮游植物和光合细菌的群落组成和丰度,反演海洋初级生产、水体富营养化水平及其历史趋势,指示水体和沉积物氧化还原条件,揭示海域气候条件等现状及其历史变化.沉积色素的研究,对于掌握海洋中碳的生物地球化学循环过程,回溯古环境、古海洋、古生态以及古气候记录,制定合理的海洋管理政策具有十分重要的意义.阐述了沉积物中色素的分类、来源、性质和分析方法,分析了色素在沉积物中的保存和变化规律,探讨总结了沉积色素作为化学生物标志物在海洋学研究中的应用.     

对虾壳色素提取及部分性质研究

以水产加工废弃物 (对虾壳 )为原料 ,经过对对虾壳的烘干、碾碎、提取、洗涤和分离 ,提取了对虾壳色素。探讨了该虾壳色素的部分性质 ,得到如下初步结论 :在可见光区对虾壳色素的 λmax为 470 nm,在 1 0 0℃加热时间不超过 1 5 min的条件下对虾壳色素对热较稳定 ,耐氧化 ,光照影响对虾壳色素的稳定性。     

Seasonal and interannual variations in pigments in the Adriatic Sea

Spatial and temporal variability of pigments was studied from the CZCS satellite data and fromin situ chlorophyll and transparency for the period 1979-1985. The three Adriatic sites, Northern, Middle, and Southern Adriatic are differently influenced by meteorological, hydrological and oceanographic parameters. The differences between seasonalin situ chlorophyll and remotely sensed pigment concentrations (from CZCS satellite data) from the Adriatic are large in winter. Through the correlation analysis, pigments were compared to meteo-oceanographic and hydrological parameters from different Adriatic sites. The PCA (principal component analysis) was applied to the pigment data series and significant components were compared. Different correlations are obtained for warm and cold periods of the year pointing to seasonal differences in the underlying mechanism of pigment variability. The first PC is influenced mainly by temperature. In the warm period more parameters seem to influence the pigment field, than in the cold period. The pigments in the Adriatic are in good correlation to a number of hydrologic and meteo-oceanographic factors.     

A review of factors that regulate carotenoid and chlorophyll deposition and fossil pigment abundance

Limnological surveys show that fossil pigment concentration is an accurate predictor of algal production. However, experimental and mass flux studies indicate that >90% of pigment is degraded to colourless compounds before permanent burial. To reconcile these views, this paper reviews current literature on pigment degradation and proposes a hierarchical control model for pigment deposition and fossil abundance. Over the widest range of production, pigment deposition and fossil concentration are proportional to algal standing crop. However, within a narrower range, the actual concentration of pigment in sediments is regulated by photo- and chemical oxidation. Three phases of loss exist: rapid oxidation in the water column (T_1/2=days); slower post-depositional loss in surface sediments (T_1/2=years); and very slow loss of double bonds in deep sediments (T_1/2=centuries). Despite losses during deposition, fossil and algal abundance remain correlated through time, so long as there is no change in basin morphometry, light penetration, stratification or deepwater oxygen content. At the finest scale, food-web processes can increase the preservation of pigments from edible algae by incorporating pigments into feces that sink rapidly and bypass water column losses. As a consequence of selective loss during deposition and initial burial, carotenoid relative abundance is an unreliable measure of phytoplankton community composition. Instead, absolute concentration — scaled to the historical maximum — should be used for fossil interpretations.     

用改进单纯形优化法同时测定混合色素的研究

本文以苋菜红、胭脂红组成的两组份混合体系为研究对象,应用改进单纯形优化法对混合色素进行同时测定的研究。结果表明,采用该法优化混合物的各组份浓度具有可行性。     

Biological characteristics of marine bacterium S-9801 strain and its culture conditions of pigment production

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｉｖｅｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｂｉｏｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｂｙｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅ .Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｕｎｉｑｕｅｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｃａｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｎｏｖｅｌｂｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｖｅｎ’ｔｂｅｅｎｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｔ…     

In-water algorithms for ADEOS/OCTS

In-water algorithms for OCTS standard products were developed using in situ data and installed for operationally processing at NASDA/EOC. This paper describes the in-water algorithms Version 1.0 for chlorophylla concentration, pigment concentration, and attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 490 nm. The selected OCTS standard algorithms (Ver. 1.0) are as follows:      

渤海秋季浮游植物色素的种类及分布特征

浮游植物色素的调查研究是陆架浅海渔场生态环境调查研究的重要内容之一,本文主要介绍了1987年秋季(9月22日～28日)浮游植物色素调查研究的初步结果,通过对渤海四个断面19个测站浮游植物色素样品的分析.现共分离出11种,鉴定出的有10种.结果发现,与传统分类学所鉴定出该海域浮游植物的种类基本一致.认为生活在渤海中的浮游植物种类十分繁多,已鉴定为39属106种,其中硅藻类浮游植物点总种类的90％以上,尚有甲藻、绿藻等.这一结果为深入研究渤海生态环境及渔业资源的开发利用提供了重要资料.     

四种植物生长激素对海带雌配子体克隆生长发育的影响

以海带（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）雌配子体克隆ＬＨ１０品系为材料,用４种植物生长激素：三十烷醇（ＴＡ）、２,４－二氯苯氧乙酸（２,４－Ｄ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）和腐植酸钠加以处理,对其生长发育进行了研究。结果表明,它们的最佳生长浓度分别为：ＴＡ,０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ;２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＩＡＡ,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;腐植酸钠,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;最佳发育浓度分别为：ＴＡ,０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ;２,４－Ｄ,１ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＩＡＡ,０．１ｍｇＬ－１;腐植酸钠,０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ。该研究为加速配子体克隆的生长发育和育苗应用提供了实验依据