光照强度和盐度对长心卡帕藻生长的影响

在室内采用静置培养法研究了光照强度和盐度对红色和绿色品系长心卡帕藻Kappaphycus alvarezii生长的影响,主要测定了不同光照强度(30、65、110、150和200μmol·(m2·s)-1)和不同盐度(23、28、32、35和41)对这2种藻的生长率、成活率、色素含量及其吸收光谱的影响.红色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的光照强度范围为30-65μmol·(m2·s)-1,光照强度为30μmol·(m2·s)-1时培养,其成活率和日生长率都最高,分别达100%和1.25%,强光下培养生长率和成活率明显下降;红色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的盐度范围为28-32,最适为32.绿色品系长心卡帕藻适宜150-200μmol·(m2·s)-1的强光,150μmol·(m2·s)-1光照强度下培养日生长率最高,达1.05%,各种光照强度下培养其成活率变化不大;绿色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的盐度范围为23-32,最适为23.不同光照强度和盐度条件下培养,长心卡帕藻体内的色素含量会发生变化,而色素含量与其生长率有或没有明显的相关关系.不同光照强度、盐度条件下培养,藻体内的色素吸收光谱特性不变.以上研究结果对我国长心卡帕藻的栽培生产具有一定的指导意义.     

红树秋茄色素的抗氧化活性研究

通过测定红树植物秋茄叶色素对羟基自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用,探讨了红树秋茄叶色素的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红树秋茄叶色素对羟基自由基和DPPH·自由基皆表现出良好的清除作用,该色素具有较强的抗氧化活性,且其清除作用与其量之间呈一定的量效关系.     

水深梯度对苦草(Vallisneria natans)光合荧光特性的影响

为研究水深梯度对苦草(Vallisneria natans)光合荧光特性的影响,实验设置0.6、1.3、2.0 m 3个水深条件,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪测定3种水深处理下苦草叶片的荧光参数和快速光响应曲线.结果表明:(1)随着水深增加,无性系分株数、叶片数、根系总长度、根系表面积等形态指标显著降低,而最大叶长、平均叶长、最大叶宽没有显著变化,2.0 m处苦草生长受到抑制;(2)不同水深对苦草叶片初始荧光F0和最大荧光Fm没有显著影响,而最大量子产率Fv/Fm和荧光参数Fv/F0随着水深增加显著增加,叶片光合系统Ⅱ光化学效率亦显著提高;(3)0.6 m处苦草的相对电子传递速率显著低于2.0 m处;(4)通过拟合光响应曲线所得的光响应曲线初始斜率、光抑制参数、最大电子传递速率以及半饱和光强在不同的水深处理间均差异显著;(5)2.0 m处苦草叶片的叶绿素a(Chl.a)、叶绿素b(Chl.b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)以及Chl.a+Chl.b含量均显著高于0.6 m处,而Chl.a/Chl.b和Car/Chl.a的差异则不显著.综上所述,0.6 m处苦草的光合能力较弱、保护机制强,而2.0 m则相反,从而说明苦草通过调节自身光合生理来适应不同水深环境.     

洱海4种沉水植物叶片的光合色素组成及C、N、P化学计量特征对水深的响应

水深与水体的多个环境要素(如光照、温度等)密切关联.因而水深会影响沉水植物的生长、繁殖和生理生化特征,包括叶片的光合色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征.本研究通过对洱海4种沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、光叶眼子菜(Potamogeton lucens)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)在不同水深梯度的叶片色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征进行分析,以阐明水深对这些指标的影响规律和机制.结果表明:水深对4种沉水植物叶片光合色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征的影响具有种间差异性;苦草、微齿眼子菜和光叶眼子菜叶片N含量,苦草和光叶眼子菜叶片P含量都与叶片叶绿素含量呈显著正相关;苦草叶片N含量随水深增加而增加,可能是由苦草为应对深水弱光胁迫而加强光合色素和蛋白的合成导致的,而磷含量的增加可能还受其他因素的影响.     

硅藻与色素在古环境演化研究中的意义——以固城湖为例

根据固圾湖ＧＳ１孔沉积物中硅藻的丰度与组合、色素的含量与有关参数,并结合孢粉、有机碳等分析数据,较详细地讨论了从晚冰期到全新世中期（１５．３￣６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）固城湖地区古气候古环境演化的过程。同时尝试把硅藻与色素的结合作为度量湖泊古初始生产力的有效性,以及识别沉积记录有关人类活动的可能性。文中还专门论述了全新世纪初期海相硅藻出现的层位特点与背景,并与太湖作了比较,这一现象对重新认识长江三角洲地     

Depth influence on biochemical performance and thallus size of the red alga Gelidium corneum

Recent declines in the foundation species Gelidium corneum (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux in pristine coastal stretches of the Southeastern Bay of Biscay have been documented in which individuals showed a high bleaching incidence. Among the potential factorsthat may be responsible for these changes in G. corneum abundance, it has been suggested that high levels of irradiance may be imposing stressful environmental conditions for shallow populations. Given that light is reduced exponentially as depth increases, in this investigation we examined the influence of depth on the stress of G. corneum by comparing the performance of several biochemical parameters and thallus size in plants collected at three different depths. The results revealed that plants growing in shallow waters showed lower antioxidant activity, lower concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (Chl‐a, total carotenoids, phycoerythrin), lower internal nitrogen levels (higher C:N ratio) and shorter thallus lengths than those living in deeper waters. Some of these results may be an expression of photoacclimation, but the low antioxidant activity and total carotenoid concentration detected in plants living in shallow waters suggest that the photoprotective mechanisms of G. corneum may have failed to offset photodamage. If so, our findings support previous studies that suggest that recent changes in solar radiation are partially responsible for G. corneum declines. Nevertheless, given that the metabolic performance of macroalgae is determined by the inter‐play of irradiance with other factors, including temperature and nutrient availability, further research is needed to reach a better understanding of the factors causing stress in G. corneum.     

高通量测序技术揭示印度尼西亚北苏拉威西岛一株色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚特异的共生微生物群落

细菌性疾病对珊瑚的健康影响造成了很大影响,而致病菌与珊瑚疾病之间的对应性还不明朗。色素异常现象是野外澄黄滨珊瑚一种常见的不健康状态。我们采用Illumina 16s rRNA基因高通量测序技术比较分析了健康和色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌的群落组成差异。色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌的多样性明显高于健康澄黄滨珊瑚,同时两种珊瑚的共生细菌群落组成也有很大差异。一些特定的细菌类群在澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌中的比例很高,推测这些细菌种类可能是导致澄黄滨珊瑚色素异常的“罪魁祸首”。     

The extraction of pigments from fresh <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria japonica</Emphasis>

The pigments in Laminariajaponica was extracted with six organic solvents and analyzed in spectroscopy analysis. The extractions conditions were screened by an orthogonal test and the quantity of extracted pigments was determined spectroscopically. The results show that： （1） among the six organic solvents, acetone was the most effective one for the extraction; （2） the optimum extraction conditions were as follows： the ratio of S/M （solvent volume/ material weight） was 30 ml/g; fresh seaweed was extracted 2 times in 2 h; （3） the average total content of pigments was 1.85 mg/g （calculated with dry L. japonica）.     

富营养化湖泊水体中藻蓝蛋白提取方法的对比

藻蓝蛋白是蓝藻的指示型色素,目前还没有标准的提取方法,特别是萃取剂的选择品种较多,对测量结果影响较大.分别以室内培养的铜绿微囊藻和巢湖夏季野生蓝藻为提取对象,运用液氮反复冻融法破碎蓝藻细胞,分别以Asolctin-CHAPS缓冲液(AC)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)和Tris-HCl缓冲液来提取藻蓝蛋白,通过分光光度法分析提取液的吸收光谱、藻蓝蛋白浓度以及藻蓝蛋白浓度与叶绿素a浓度的相关性,比较3种缓冲液的提取效果.结果显示:3种缓冲液提取的藻蓝蛋白提取液在620 nm处都出现了藻蓝蛋白的特征吸收峰,但AC缓冲液和PBS缓冲液提取效率明显高于Tris-HCl缓冲液.另外,虽然AC缓冲液提取效率最高,但其成本昂贵、配制过程复杂且不易控制、难保存,不适宜大规模地推广应用;而PBS缓冲液的提取效率略低于AC缓冲液,但其配制方便快捷,更适合于大规模湖泊水质监测的要求,因此推荐PBS缓冲液作为常用的藻蓝蛋白提取液.     

Gaussian decomposition and component pigment spectral analysis of phytoplankton absorption spectra

The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be aff ected considerably by pigment composition and concentration. We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton, in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra. The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups (chlorophylls a , b , and c , photo-synthetic carotenoids (PSC), and photo-protective carotenoids (PPC)). The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are <0.001 m^-1 , and R 2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations (except for chlorophyll b) was 0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise. In addition, we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a , c , PPC, and PSC. We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coeffi cient of pigment composition. The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations. The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Ch1 a , and the median relative error was small. The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties.