Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition in the northern South China Sea during winter

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.8...     

Distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in the skins of normal and albino adult turbot, Scophthalmus Maximus

The distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in skins of normal and albino adult turbots were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of pigment cells of melanophore, iridophore and xanthophore have been recognized in adult turbot skins. The skin color depends mainly on the amount and distribution of melanophore and iridophore, as xanthophore is quite rare. No pigment cells can be found in the epidermis of the skins. In the pigmented ocular skin of the turbot, melanophore and iridophore are usually co-localized in the dermis. This is quite different from the distribution in larvae skin. In albino and white blind skins of adult turbots, however, only iridophore monolayer still exists, while the melanophore monolayer disappears. This cytological evidence explains why the albino adult turbot, unlike its larvae, could never resume its body color no matter what environmental and nutritional conditions were provided. Endocytosis is quite active in the cellular membrane of the iridophore. This might be related to the formation of reflective platelet and stability of the iridophore.     

极地寡营养细菌(Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov.)色素的提取及其理化性质的研究

以分离自南极海洋的寡营养细菌所产的褐色素为试验材料,进行了该色素的提取和稳定性分析。结果表明,色素粗品至少含有3种以上不同的褐色素,该褐色素易溶于水和甲醇;最大吸收波长为214nm;在pH≥4.0、热、光照(自然光与紫外线)下都能表现出良好的稳定性;抗H2O2、HNO3氧化能力强,NaClO对其破坏较大;Na2SO3、抗坏血酸对其有护色作用;Fe3+、Fe2+和Pb2+则有一定的破坏作用,Mg2+对该色素有护色作用,其它金属离子影响不大。试验表明,寡营养细菌褐色素在稳定性上呈现出一定优势,具有作为一种天然色素资源的开发和应用价值。     

Variability of phytoplankton absorption in the northern South China Sea: influence of the size structure and pigment composition of algal populations

Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River (ZR), coastal waters of Guangdong (CWGD) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance of pigment composition and packaging effect in modifying the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton. The three survey regions differ widely in their phytoplankton community with large cells dominating the ZR and CWGD waters and small cells dominating the NSCS region. Variations in the size structure and the accessory pigments have much effect on the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The size index accounted for about 42% and 33% of the variation of the specific absorption coefficient at 440 and 675 nm, respectively. Using the multiple regression analysis approach, pigment concentrations for each sample were calculated. The accessory pigments other than chlorophyll a contribute to absorption mainly in the blue-to-green region of the spectrum and their absorptions account for about 44%, 43% and 53% on the average of the total phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm for the ZR, CWGD and NSCS regions. Among the accessory pigments, the photosynthetic carotenoids (noted PSC) play a dominant role in the ZR and CWGD waters, while in the NSCS the nonphotosynthetic carotenoids (noted PPC) as well as PSC have important contributions. Because the variations of both the size structure and accessory pigments in algal populations contributed to the variability of the specific absorption coefficient in the study regions, these factors may be considered explicitly in future bio-optical algorithms to derive chlorophyll a concentration more accurately.     

四种植物生长激素对海带雌配子体克隆生长发育的影响

以海带（Ｌａｍｉｎａｒｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）雌配子体克隆ＬＨ１０品系为材料,用４种植物生长激素：三十烷醇（ＴＡ）、２,４－二氯苯氧乙酸（２,４－Ｄ）、吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）和腐植酸钠加以处理,对其生长发育进行了研究。结果表明,它们的最佳生长浓度分别为：ＴＡ,０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ;２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＩＡＡ,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;腐植酸钠,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;最佳发育浓度分别为：ＴＡ,０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ;２,４－Ｄ,１ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＩＡＡ,０．１ｍｇＬ－１;腐植酸钠,０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ。该研究为加速配子体克隆的生长发育和育苗应用提供了实验依据     

太湖水体吸收分解(Ⅱ):浮游植物色素吸收分解

蓝藻水华暴发前,浮游植物群类结构的变化可通过其指示型色素的浓度变化来反映.为了同时反演叶绿素a、叶绿素b(绿藻门指示型色素)、叶绿素c(硅藻门指示型色素)和藻蓝素(蓝藻门的指示型色素)的浓度,利用偏最小二乘回归构建线性模型,通过2011年太湖实测吸收数据,较为准确地反演了叶绿素a和藻蓝素的浓度;针对无明显优势藻的春季数据集较为准确地反演了叶绿素b和叶绿素c的浓度.相对于经典最小二乘算法,偏最小二乘法在多色素混合的吸收光谱分析上更为有效.通过反演指示性色素浓度来反映藻类的分布,为富营养化湖泊主要藻类时空分布变化的遥感监测提供了一定的理论与技术支持.     

不同底质改良处理对三种挺水植物光合特性的影响

以巢湖水域三种优势挺水植物为材料,研究了不同底质处理下植物光合生理特性的差异.结果表明,三种挺水植物地上部生物量以香蒲最大,芦苇次之,菖蒲最小.香蒲的叶绿素a(Ch1.a)、叶绿素b( Chl.b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率均显著大于芦苇和菖蒲,光合速率、Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ显著高于...     

台湾海峡南部夏季微型浮游动物对不同色素类群浮游植物的摄食压力

2005年7月在台湾海峡南部4个站位应用“稀释法”结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)色素分析技术研究了不同色素类群浮游植物的生长率及微型浮游动物对其的摄食死亡率.结果表明,不同色素类群浮游植物的生长率(k)和摄食死亡率(g)分别为0.52～ 1.34 d-1和0.25 ～ 1.10 d-1,微型浮游动物对不同色素类群浮游植物的现存量和初级生产力的摄食压力分别为22％～ 66％和40％～ 151％.通过比较不同类群浮游植物的g/k值,发现颗粒较大的浮游植物(硅藻和甲藻)的净生长率要大于那些微型藻类(蓝细菌、隐藻和定鞭金藻等)的净生长率,说明本次研究中微型藻类更易受到微型浮游动物的摄食控制.     

紫菜减数分裂的研究现状及展望

紫菜的减数分裂是紫菜育种和遗传研究的重要理论基础。文中综述了紫菜减数分裂的研究现状,对前人在减数分裂的细胞形态学观察、色素突变体和性别决定的遗传分析研究进行了系统的分析,指出了研究中存在的问题。并对减数分裂这一遗传现象进行了重新认识,提出紫菜减数分裂可能发生在壳孢子形成至壳孢子萌发的第一次细胞分裂时期。根据对文献资料的分析及初步研究,认为紫菜减数分裂的争论问题,还未得到满意的解决,因此仍有重新认识和深入研究的必要。     

Pigment signatures of some diatoms isolated from China seas

1 Introduction Bacillariophyceae (commonly referred to as di- atoms) are a major component of the world’s marine phytoplankton pool, and they form the base of the food chain in many oceanic regions, especially in temperate seawaters (Llewellyn and Gibb, …