亚、欧两大洲自然地理环境结构的整体性和差异性教学初探

地理环境的结构，是指地理环境各组成要素之间和各组成部分之间相互关系性质的组合，它包括既有联系、又有区别的两个方面，即地理环境结构的整体性和差异性。笔者在亚、欧两洲自然地理数年的教学实践中，从自然环境结构的整体性和差异性特征入手，得出分析、综合、概括归纳和对比研究等方法是学习世界区域地理的主要方法。     

内外网中转程序介绍

为了防止计算机病毒的干扰,保证基础气象业务的正常运行,阳泉市气象局的局域网分为内网和外网,内网上的计算机用于基础气象业务,外网上的计算机都可以上互连网。为了方便内外网的信息交换,在内外网之间安装一台计算机,运行内外网中转程序,使内外网的文件基本达到同步更新。这样既保证了内网上的计算机运行稳定,又满足了外网上的计算机对内网上气象信息的需求。     

Retrofit-reinforcement of cohesive soil slopes using high strength geotextiles with drainage capability

A series of geotechnical centrifuge physical modeling tests were performed to assess the potential use of a new cost-effective mechanically stabilized earth system for retrofitting marginally stable cohesive slopes. The proposed system utilizes the dual functions of reinforcement and drainage by directly inserting high strength non-woven geotextile strips into slopes, with little or no excavation required behind the slope face. The system significantly increases the factor of safety of potentially unstable cohesive slopes, and can be constructed at less expense and more rapidly than conventional mechanically stabilized earth systems.     

空间分析与自然地理综合研究

通过对空间分析技术和自然地理综合研究发展历程与趋势的分析，得出两个结论：1)现代地理学的快速发展越来越离不开空间分析的支撑，即空间分析技术在地理学中的应用空间愈来愈广，在自然地理综合研究中尤为如此，其主要原因就是空间分析在综合研究中的优势愈来愈明显；2)空间分析技术随其理论与实践的迅速发展及逐步拓展，愈来愈成为自然地理学发展的巨大推动力，也越来越离不开自然地理综合研究这个促使其发展壮大的空间和能发挥其主导作用的领域。空间分析技术和自然地理综合研究的结合已经成为现代自然地理学以及地球空间信息学研究的主要发展趋势之一。     

Mesoscale numerical simulation study of warm fog dissipation by salt particles seeding

Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing and Tianjin area. The seeding effect and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicate that when seeding fog with salt particles sized 80 μm and at a quantity of 6 gm~(-2) at the fog top, the seeding effect near the ground surface layer is negative in the beginning period, and then a positive seeding effect begins to appear at 18 min, with the best effect appearing at 21 min after seeding operation. The positive effect can last about 35 min. The microphysical mechanism of the warm fog dissipation is because of the evaporation due to the water vapor condensation on the salt particles and coalescence with salt particles.The process of fog water coalescence with salt particles contributed mostly to this warm fog dissipation. Furthermore, two series of sensitivity experiments were performed to study the seeding effect under different seeding amounts and salt particles sizes. The results show that seeding fog with salt particles sized of 80 μm can have the best seeding effect, and the seeding effect is negative when the salt particle size is less than 10 μm. For salt particles sized 80 μm, the best seeding effect, with corresponding visibility of 380 m, can be achieved when the seeding amount is 30 g m~(-2).     

附有物理量和气象条件约束的光学卫星国土观测有效覆盖率评估

传统光学卫星国土观测覆盖评估建立在卫星对地理想覆盖的基础上,并未考虑卫星存储、星地数据传输、观测时长等物理量及观测区域气象因素对于覆盖性能的影响。本文针对光学遥感卫星的国土观测需求.建立国土观测有效覆盖能力评估指标体系,根据卫星数据存储能力、星地数据传输能力、卫星单圈最大观测时长、卫星观测太阳高度角等性能参数,提出了基于物理性能约束下的有效覆盖计算方法。根据气象台站历年气象数据,提出了气象约束因子的计算方法。综合考虑卫星物理性能约束与观测区域气象约束,计算光学遥感卫星对地观测有效覆盖能力。最后根据专家设计的光学遥感卫星国土观测有效覆盖能力评估指标权重,利用层次分析法(AHP)评估光学遥感卫星系统对于国土观测的需求满足程度。试验结果表明,本文方法对于国土观测有效覆盖的估算和评价结果更加精确,更接近于国土观测的实际应用需求,为对地观测有效覆盖能力评估提供了一种更为精确的可行方案。     

Computer-aided design of bus route maps

The bus route map is a diagram that aims to convey necessary information for map readers to find an appropriate way of moving from an origin to a destination. Design of bus route map is a complicated and time-consuming task that requires careful consideration of readability and aesthetics. This paper proposes a new computational method for designing bus route maps. The method helps us to reduce six types of undesirable elements in bus route maps, i.e., gap, shift, crossing, overlap, misalignment, and acute bend. The method consists of two phases: line layout phase determines the relative order of bus routes on each road segment and map layout phase calculates the actual position of bus routes drawn on a map. This paper applies the method to the design of bus route maps of Chiba City, Japan. The result supports the effectiveness of the method as well as reveals open topics for future research.     

三维高密度电阻率法在堤坝工程中的模拟试验

为检测堤坝中裂隙、洞穴及渗漏层等隐患的存在,利用三维高密度电阻率法对数字模型和物理模型建立的裂隙隐患进行探测,结果表明室内建立的物理模型在立体图和分层切片图中裂隙的形态有些变化,但其分布范围、位置与相对各自模型中实际的比例尺寸相差不大,说明数值模拟得出的结论可以为实际工程进行理论指导,具有一定的参考价值。     

层状边坡滑动边界强度参数取值方法研究

滑坡滑带土强度参数取值的准确性,决定了滑坡稳定性计算的可靠程度。因此获得准确、可靠的滑动边界强度参数至关重要。然而在实际情况中,由于取样位置试样的代表性,以及试样转运过程中保存条件的限制,现场所取得的滑带土在室内试验得到的强度参数已经不能完全反映真实环境下的抗剪强度。因此考虑软弱夹层、滑带土各种物理和力学指标间存在必然联系,并表现出特定的规律性,尝试通过试验,揭示指标间的关联规律,并建立了相关性好的关系式,据此评价滑动边界的抗剪强度参数。     

低分子质量褐藻寡糖的高效酶法制备及其抗氧化活性评价

褐藻寡糖具有多种生理活性,本研究通过酶解与分级条件的优化,获得了低分子质量褐藻寡糖的酶法制备工艺,并在体外模型上评价了不同分子质量组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,优化后的褐藻寡糖制备条件为:底物浓度1.20%,酶底比4.35 U/mg,酶解时间4 h。进一步采用乙醇沉淀和超滤分离后,获得了重均分子质量分别为0.84、1.40、2.25和34.56 k Da的4种组分,其得率分别为50.82%、5.15%、11.48%和12.00%。各组分均具有一定的还原能力,可有效清除DPPH和羟自由基,其中低分子质量组分A的抗氧化活性最为显著,其清除羟自由基的能力与维生素C相近。