地理学本科生科研训练体系的构建与实践

大学本科阶段是创新性人才培养的关键时期。北京师范大学地理学基地一直在努力探索本科生早期科研训练的机制、模式与途径,以研究性教学和教学科研互动的新理念,依托基地所拥有的国家、教育部和北京市重点实验室、国家一级重点学科、国家级科学研究和教学研究项目等丰富的科研资源和院士、长江学者、杰出青年基金获得者、教学名师等高水平的首席导师+教学团队师资,建立并完善本科生科研立项制度,构建多学科平台、多元模式、多阶段的阶段-学科-能力三维体系的因材施教的科研训练体系。     

测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式探讨

重点实验室与工程科研中心是国家科技创新平台体系的重要组成部分,在科研平台的支持下,针对如何培养具有创新能力的研究生和提高研究生的科研素质的问题,该文结合矿山空间信息技术国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室在研究生创新能力培养上的做法,从多元化培养模式、开放式科研创新模式、科研考核等多个方面对测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式进行探讨。     

施工企业建立安全生产管理体系的探索

论述了施工企业建设现代安全生产管理体系的重要性,并总结了广东煤炭地质局建设安全生产管理体系．促进安全生产的实践经验,提出了施工企业应从以建立完善安全生产责任制为核心,健全各项规章制度．加强员工的教育培训、资金投入和安全检查五个方面为重点建立现代安全生产管理体系的思路。     

基于3D-GIS的抽水蓄能电厂动态监控与仿真技术研究

文中针对抽水蓄能电厂运营信息化建设的需求与现状,依托高精度三维建模技术、设备动态监控、虚拟仿真等技术,对抽水蓄能电厂进行全方位、多视角的精细测绘与三维建模,同时集成电厂现有系统资源,搭建动态监控与仿真一体化平台,解决目前抽水蓄能电厂信息展现不集中、不直观的缺陷,为电厂三维信息化建设提供新型的解决方案。     

测绘工程专业数学计算及课程内容优化的探讨

本文介绍子我校测绘工种专业教学计划中的人才培养目标和培养要求，课程置模块及其特点，并对本专业数门主干课的内容优化作了探讨。     

中国地震局地震监测台网技术人员赴德国培训

中国地震局地震监测台网技术人员培训团一行15人于2000年9月2－20日赴德国地球科学研究中心（GFZ）和联邦地球科学及自然资源研究院（BGR）进行了培训，在德国的周密安排和中德以方的共同努力下，培训团圆满地完成了预期的培训任务，文章就这次的培训及培训团所了解到的情况作了介绍。     

Diatom-environmental relationships in 64 alkaline southeastern Ontario (Canada) lakes: a diatom-based model for water quality reconstructions

Lake eutrophication is a problem in many areas of Ontario, although the history of nutrient enrichment is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to construct a diatom-based transfer function to infer past phosphorus levels in Ontario lakes using paleolimnological analyses. The relationship between diatom assemblages and limnological conditions was explored from a survey of diatoms preserved in the surface sediments of 64 Southern Ontario lakes, spanning a total phosphorus gradient of 0.004 to 0.054 mg L^-1. Over 420 diatom taxa were identified, 98 of which were sufficiently common to be considered in statistical analyses. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) determined that pH, ammonium, aluminum, spring total phosphorus (TP), strontium, total nitrogen (TN), maximum depth (MaxZ), chlorophyll a (Chla) and mean depth were significant variables in explaining the variance in the diatom species data. The environmental optima of common diatom taxa for the limnologically important variables (TP, pH, TN, MaxZ, Chla) were calculated using weighted averaging (WA) regression and calibration techniques, and transfer functions were generated. The diatom inference model for spring TP provided a robust reconstructive relationship (r² = 0.637; RMSE = 0.007 mg L^-1; r² _boot = 0.466; RMSE_boot = 0.010 mg L^-1). Other variables, including pH (r² = 0.702; RMSE = 0.208; r² _boot = 0.485; RMSE_boot = 0.234), TN (r² = 0.574; RMSE = 0.0899 mg L^-1; r² _boot = 0.380; RMSE_boot = 0.127 mg L^-1) and MaxZ (r² = 0.554; RMSE = 1.05 m; r² _boot = 0.380; RMSE_boot = 1.490 m), were also strong, indicating that they may also be reconstructed from fossil diatom communities. This study shows that it is possible to reliably infer lakewater TP and other limnological variables in alkaline Southern Ontario lakes using the WA technique. This method has the potential to aid rehabilitation programs, as it can provide water quality managers with the means to estimate pre-enrichment phosphorus concentrations and an indication of the onset and development of nutrient enrichment in a lake.     

An expanded weighted-averaging model for inferring past total phosphorus concentrations from diatom assemblages in eutrophic British Columbia (Canada) lakes

Eighteen lakes were added to a published training set of 46 British Columbia (BC) lakes in order to expand the original range of total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between diatom assemblages and environmental variables. Specific conductivity and [TP] each explained significant (P0.05) directions of variance in the distribution of the diatoms. The relationship between diatom assemblages and [TP] was sufficiently strong to warrant the development of a weighted-averaging (WA) regression and calibration model that can be used to infer past trophic status from fossil diatom assemblages.The relationship between observed and inferred [TP] was not improved by the addition of more eutrophic lakes, however the [TP] range and the number of taxa used in the transfer function are now superior to the original model. Diatom species assemblages changed very little in lakes with TP concentrations greater than 85 µg 1^–1, so we document the development of a model containing lakes with TP85 µg 1^–1. The updated model uses 59 training lakes and covers a range of species optima from 6 to 41.9 µg 1^–1 TP, and a total of 150 diatom taxa.The updated inference model provided a more realistic reconstruction of the anthropogenic history of a highly eutrophic BC lake. The model can now be used to infer past nutrient conditions in other BC lakes in order to assess changes in trophic status.     

GIS比赛引领专业人才培养

GIS作为一种专业技术性强的学科与工具,随着高校转向技术型人才的培养,如何通过GIS比赛引领专业人才培养成为一个值得关注的问题。针对目前国内GIS专业的培养方案、课程设置、GIS比赛方式和比赛内容,在参加GIS比赛后暴露的GIS教学等相关问题,提出将GIS比赛纳入GIS人才培养中以及将GIS比赛纳入课程教学体系,使GIS比赛贯穿于大学教育的始终,让在校大学生在每个阶段参加不同GIS比赛或组别,采取以赛促学、以赛促教来补充GIS的教学内容和形式,提升学生综合素质能力,引领GIS专业人才的培养。     

测绘工程“四重螺旋交互上升式”硬实践体系研究

基于测绘工程专业认证的大背景和应用型高层次专门人才的需求,学生实践能力的培养被提升到了从未有过新高度,设置完善的实践教学体系迫在眉睫。为了克服"重理论、轻实践"的软人才培养理念,文中结合测绘工程专业认证标准,提出"4+5"模式培养目标,并据此构建"四重螺旋交互上升式"硬实践体系,详细阐述该体系内容构成及体系特色,为实现实践能力的本科全过程新常态培养和应用型高层次专门人才的高品质输送提供依据。