全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1993篇 |
免费 | 339篇 |
国内免费 | 415篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 42篇 |
大气科学 | 456篇 |
地球物理 | 604篇 |
地质学 | 883篇 |
海洋学 | 274篇 |
天文学 | 78篇 |
综合类 | 134篇 |
自然地理 | 276篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 63篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 85篇 |
2019年 | 91篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 74篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 92篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 129篇 |
2012年 | 136篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 89篇 |
2009年 | 121篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 138篇 |
2006年 | 106篇 |
2005年 | 95篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 79篇 |
2002年 | 86篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 76篇 |
1997年 | 62篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 49篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2747条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
For any specific wind speed, waves grow in period, height and length as a function of the wind duration and fetch until maximum values are reached, at which point the waves are considered to be fully developed. Although equations and nomograms exist to predict the parameters of developing waves for shorter fetch or duration conditions at different wind speeds, these either do not incorporate important variables such as the air and water temperature, or do not consider the combined effect of fetch and duration. Here, the wind conditions required for a fully developed sea are calculated from maximum wave heights as determined from the wind speed, together with a published growth law based on the friction velocity. This allows the parameters of developing waves to be estimated for any combination of wind velocity, fetch and duration, while also taking account of atmospheric conditions and water properties. 相似文献
32.
In this paper, we present and evaluate three long-term wave models for application in simulation-based design of ships and marine structures. Designers and researchers often rely on historical weather data as a source for ocean area characteristics based on hindcast datasets or in-situ measurements. The limited access and size of historical datasets reduces repeatability of simulations and analyses, making it difficult to assess the sampling variability of performance and loads on marine vessels and structures. Markov, VAR and VARMA wave models, producing independent long-term time series of significant wave height (Hs) and spectral peak period (Tp), is presented as possible solutions to this problem. The models are tested and compared by addressing how the models affect interpretation of design concepts and the ability to replicate statistical and physical characteristics of the wave process. Our results show that the VAR and VARMA models perform sufficiently in describing design performance, but does not capture the physical process fully. The Markov model is found to perform worst of the tested models in the applied tests, especially for measures covering several consecutive sea states. 相似文献
33.
There is a growing practical interest in the ability to increase the sea states at which marine operations can be safely undertaken by exploiting the quiescent periods that are well known to exist under a wide range of sea conditions. While the actual prediction of quiescent periods at sea for the control of operations is a deterministic process, the long term planning of future maritime tasks that rely on these quiescent periods is a statistical process involving the anticipated quiescence properties of the forecasted sea conditions in the geographical region of interest. It is in principle possible to obtain such data in tabular form either large scale simulation or from field data. However, such simulations are computationally intensive and libraries of appropriate field data are not common. Thus, it is clearly attractive to develop techniques that exploit standard wave spectral models for describing the quiescence statistics directly from such spectra. The present study focuses upon such techniques and is a first step towards the production of a computationally low-cost quiescence prediction tool and compares its efficacy against simulations. Two significant properties emerge for a large class of wave spectral models that encompasses the ubiquitous Neumann and Pierson Moskowitz or Bretschneider forms. Firstly, the auto-correlation function of the wave profile that are required to produce the quiescence property can be obtained analytically in terms of standard special functions. This considerably reduces the computational cost making desktop computer-based planning tools a reality. Secondly, for each class of these parametric spectra, the probability of a given number of consecutive wave heights (normalised to the significant wave heights) less than some critical value is in fact independent of absolute wave height. Thus, for a broad class of practically interesting wave spectra all that is required to obtain the statistical distribution of the quiescent periods is simple rescaling. 相似文献
34.
35.
The paper provides a joint distribution of significant wave height and characteristic surf parameter. The characteristic surf parameter is given by the ratio between the slope of a beach or a structure and the square root of the characteristic wave steepness in deep water defined in terms of the significant wave height and the spectral peak period. The characteristic surf parameter is used to characterize surf zone processes and is relevant for e.g. wave run-up on beaches and coastal structures. The paper presents statistical properties of the wave parameters as well as an example of results corresponding to typical field conditions. 相似文献
36.
37.
Longuet-Higgins(1983)[1]导出了波高与周期的联合分布函数,此分布函数虽然与实际数据符合良好,但存在很大的缺陷,如:由此分布函数得出的波高分布为形式较为复杂的非Rayleigh分布,很难应用于工程计算中。孙孚(1988a)[2]应用射线理论导出了一种波高与周期联合分布,虽然弥补了Longuet-Higgins的一些缺陷,但推导过程过于复杂。本文在窄谱假定下通过应用Hilbert变换方法得出新的分布函数并与前两者比较,表明Hilbert变换的方法不但简便,而且完全克服Longuet-Higgins的不足,可以方便的应用于工程计算中。本文也为Hilbert变换的方法在工程中的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
38.
建立地层孔隙网络模型描述微观孔喉特征,利用逾渗方法计算基于微观渗流机理的相对渗透率曲线,并将之应用到数值模拟计算中,给出考虑微观渗流特征的方程,并进行数值求解,得到地层中流体分布特征。实例分析表明该方法可以得到基于微观特征的剩余油分布数量和形式,为调剖堵水、化学驱提供技术参数,实现微观渗流机理与宏观计算的结合。 相似文献
39.
为解决上海日益增长的用水需求, 保障淡水资源安全, 需要建设长江河口避咸蓄淡特大型水库。本文应用改进的三维长江河口盐水入侵数值模式, 采用2007和2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行验证, 计算青草沙水库最长不宜取水天数。本文以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年, 考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正, 考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用。根据2003年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为68天, 这个水库设计的重要参数已在水库建设中采用。根据2008年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为54天, 已被水库调度采用。2003年至2008年北支上段河势发生了明显变化, 导致北支盐水倒灌减弱, 因此这期间的最长不宜取水天数减少。 相似文献
40.
This study makes use of the concept of wave age in estimating ocean wave period from space borne altimeter measurements of backscattering coefficient and significant wave height. Introduction of wave age allowed better accounting of the difference between swells and wind waves. Using two years (1998 and 1999) data of TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter and ocean data buoy observations in the Indian Ocean, coefficients were generated for wave period, which were subsequently tested against data for the years 2000 and 2001. The results showed the wave period accuracy to be of the order of 0.6 sec (against 1.3 sec obtained with the semiempirical approach, reported earlier). 相似文献