初夏北半球500hPa遥相关型特征及与我国降水的关系

对１９５１－１９９８年初夏５００ｈＰａ高度场作单点遥相关、并重点分析１９９１－１９９８年我国初夏旱涝与遥相关型的关系。结果显示;除１９９２年以外,初夏的大涝和大旱都与东亚太平洋型,黄河东亚型的异常有关,而１９９８年东北地区的涝还与异常强的ＷＡ型有关。     

我国氨的排放量和时空分布

根据我国的实际情况讨论了各种氨排放源的排放因子，计算了各种氨源的贡献，以动物的贡献最大，占52%。1993 年我国氨的排放量为12 Mt，排放量最大的是河南、山东和四川，排放密度最大的是上海。在北京、广西、广东、湖南、江西和山东测定了大气氨的浓度，北京大气氨浓度有明显的季节变化，春季平均为16 μg/m3，夏季最高为41μg/m3，冬季只有3.2 μg/m3。一般夜间氨的浓度高于白天。测定了氨的垂直分布，并计算了氨浓度的标高。     

冬、夏季青藏高原地面加热场激发的500hPa遥相关型

本文用青藏高原地面加热场强度来表征高原的加热状况，并用统计的方法，分析了冬季（２月）和夏季（７月）青藏高原地面加热场强度与同期５００ｈＰａ位势高度的遥相关关系，得到如下结论：冬季高原地面加热场可激发北半球５００ｈＰａ产生遥相关型，这种遥相关型可看成是二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列由低纬向东北方向传播；夏季高原地面加热场可激发北半球５００ｈＰａ产生类似于ＥＵ型的遥相关，这种遥相关型可看成二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波列由     

A New Nonparametric Discriminant Analysis Algorithm Accounting for Bounded Data Errors

In a statistical pattern recognition context, discriminant analysis is designed to classify, when possible, objects into predefined categories. Because this method requires precise input data, uncertainties cannot be propagated in the classifying process. In real case studies, this could lead to drastic misinterpretations of objects. A new nonparametric algorithm based on interval arithmetic has thus been developed to propagate interval-form data. They consist in calculating interval conditional probability density functions and interval posterior probabilities. Objects are eventually assigned to a subset of classes, consistent with the data and their uncertainties. The classifying model is thus less precise, but more realistic than the standard one, which we prove on a real case study.     

河南嵩县南岭超贫磁铁矿的地质特征与找矿模式

随着国民经济的快速发展,传统的铁矿资源越来越紧缺,迫切需要寻找和开发非传统的铁矿资源。河南嵩县南岭超贫磁铁矿(mFe,其含量为10.20%)品位低,易采易选,性质上可归属于非传统矿产资源。通过对南岭超贫磁铁矿的磁铁矿石、斜长角闪(片)岩化学成分的对比分析,结合矿区地质特征和矿体特征,对矿体进行n(Fe+Al+Ti)-n(Ca+Mg)和w(FeO+Fe2O3+TiO2)-w(Al2O3)-w(MgO)图解分析,结果显示南岭矿区的含磁铁斜长角闪(片)岩和斜长角闪(片)岩是大洋富铁拉斑玄武岩经变质作用而形成的,矿床的成因类型为风化残积型超贫铁矿床。进一步厘定了找矿标志,建立了找矿模式,对寻找南岭型铁矿有一定的借鉴意义。     

闽浙沿海火山岩地区银矿成矿规律

本根据闽浙沿海火山岩地区银矿成矿规律和成矿预测的研究及近年来的矿产勘查，成矿预测和专科研成果，综合论述了闽浙沿海火山岩地区银矿的成矿地质条件，矿床类型和矿床特征，分析和总结了银矿的成矿规律和成矿作用，建立了区域成矿模式和成矿系列，同时指出，火山热液充填充代型银矿是本区最重要、也是最普遍的成因类型，并阐明了找矿方向。     

从江翁浪金矿中的构造变形特征研究

从江翁浪金矿是一个受构造控制明显的金矿床,金矿主要富集在受顺层剪切控制的强变形带内。本文通过对翁浪金矿控矿构造中变形岩石的宏观和微观变形特征分析,得出研究区顺层剪切带的运动学特征为逆冲型剪切,控制金矿产出的强变形带以韧性变形为主的认识。     

Relationship between the variation of water quality in rivers and the characteristics of watershed at Miyun,Beijing, China

Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Res-ervoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed, The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the fiver water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of ni-trogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitro-gen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape, the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils.     

基于动量自适应BP神经网络的鸢乌贼模式识别

近年来, 计算机模式识别技术因其识别结果准确、快速, 而不断被用于生物判别邻域。本文利用MATLAB软件实现动量自适应BP神经网络(back propagation neural networks)对西北印度洋、中东太平洋和南海3个海区的鸢乌贼角质颚及其胴长进行模式识别。研究结果显示, 训练成型的神经网络收敛误差仅为4.416×10^-2, 加入动量和自适应学习率的BP神经网络对鸢乌贼地理种群的识别率有显著提高。3个海区的正确识别率分别为100%、88.89%和94.12%, 总成功率为 93.24%, 说明角质颚外部形态和胴长可用于鸢乌贼地理种群的区分。而BP神经网络的其他学习算法, 如梯度下降法、单一动量法和单一自适应法的总识别率分为74.32%, 77.03%和87.84%。本研究的识别效果稳定, 对于大样本训练集的识别率也高达92.77%, 为头足类的种群判别提供了新的方法和思路。     

峰丛洼地石漠化景观演化与土地利用模式

峰丛洼地石漠化景观格局是土壤分布空间格局的制约下,岩溶生态系统对植被强烈依附性条下,由不同类型人类活动决定的。农耕、放牧和砍伐是最主要的破坏峰丛植被的人类活动;缓坡耕地形成轻度石漠化景观;陡坡地形成中度石漠化景观,因坡面土壤流失,演化为更高等级石漠化景观;峰丛陡坡放牧和砍伐都可能直接形成峰丛上部大面积中-强度石漠化景观,出现峰丛坡面石漠化景观分异,产生不同的土地利用模式。