Lateglacial ice dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory: retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe reconstructed from the glacial landform record

The Liard Lobe formed a part of the north‐eastern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and drained ice from accumulation areas in the Selwyn, Pelly, Cassiar and Skeena mountains. This study reconstructs the ice retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe during the last deglaciation from the glacial landform record that comprises glacial lineations and landforms of the meltwater system such as eskers, meltwater channels, perched deltas and outwash fans. The spatial distribution of these landforms defines the successive configurations of the ice sheet during the deglaciation. The Liard Lobe retreated to the west and south‐west across the Hyland Highland from its local Last Glacial Maximum position in the south‐eastern Mackenzie Mountains where it coalesced with the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Retreat across the Liard Lowland is evidenced by large esker complexes that stretch across the Liard Lowland cutting across the contemporary drainage network. Ice margin positions from the late stage of deglaciation are reconstructed locally at the foot of the Cassiar Mountains and further up‐valley in an eastern‐facing valley of the Cassiar Mountains. The presented landform record indicates that the deglaciation of the Liard Lobe was accomplished mainly by active ice retreat and that ice stagnation played a minor role in the deglaciation of this region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

荒漠草原植物群落光合速率对水氮添加的响应

氮沉降和降水格局改变对草原生态系统的结构、功能及关键过程具有重要影响。依托内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原研究站的全球变化实验平台,研究了氮添加和增减雨(+50%、-50%)及其交互作用对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征的影响,分析了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与植被特征的关系。结果表明:(1)短期氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征没有显著影响(P>0.05);(2)降水格局改变显著影响荒漠植物群落光合速率(P<0.05),减雨50%显著降低了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和优势种植物高度(P<0.05),而降水增加50%没有改变群落光合速率和植被特征,降水改变下的土壤水分能很好地解释群落光合速率;(3)氮添加和增加降水的交互效应显著提高了群落的光合速率和优势种植物高度(P<0.05),而减少降水与氮添加没有显著影响;(4)荒漠草原植物群落盖度、优势种盖度、优势种平均高度与群落的光合速率呈现出指数增加关系,解释率为40%～58%。干旱极大地抑制荒漠草原植物群落光合速率,而氮沉降则依赖于降水增加来提高群落的光合速率,荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与水肥处理下的植物生长特征具有密切的...     

隔水隔泥岩土盘构成及其破坏模式研究

隧道施工开挖接近开挖工作面前方存在的突水突泥致灾构造,或通过隧道开挖轮廓线外存在的突水突泥致灾构造,由于开挖工作面与开挖工作面前方存在的突水突泥致灾构造间或开挖轮廓线与开挖轮廓线外存在的突水突泥致灾构造间隔水隔泥岩土盘厚度小于最小安全岩土盘厚度,隔水隔泥岩土盘在突水致灾构造中地下水或突泥致灾构造中黏土应力作用下失稳破坏,导致隧道施工突水、突泥灾害发生。本文以统计近十多年的隧道施工突水突泥灾害实例,以此为基础总结提出了导致隧道施工突水突泥灾害发生的隔水隔泥岩土盘构成类型及其破坏模式,分析提出了5种隔水隔泥岩土盘类型：夹黏土或不夹黏土的大小不一的破碎岩石块体（岩石颗粒、砂夹卵石）、裂隙黏土充填或裂隙密闭无充填的节理裂隙化岩体、黏土或断层泥、完整岩体、初期支护隔水隔泥岩土盘,并在这5种隔水隔泥岩土盘类型的基础上,提出了5种破坏模式：渗流（溃散）破坏、剪切破坏、软化破坏与爆裂破坏、断裂/爆裂破坏、弯断破坏;分析了隔水隔泥岩土盘构成类型与破坏模式间的相互关系。     

中国大陆周边地区主要成矿带成矿规律对比及潜力评价研究进展

概述中国大陆周边地区主要成矿带成矿规律对比及潜力评价研究进展,分析中国周边国家和相关地区的矿产资源潜力与成矿地质条件。在中国周边跨境成矿带境内外成矿作用、成矿地质背景与成矿规律对比研究的基础上,编制了跨境基础地质和成矿规律系列图件,深化了对跨境成矿带地质特征和成矿规律的认识及重点区域的资源潜力分析,并圈定了找矿的战略远景区,为中国与周边国家跨境重要成矿带矿产资源勘查提供基础地质和区域成矿理论指导。     

Massively parallel spatial point pattern analysis: Ripley’s K function accelerated using graphics processing units

This study presents a massively parallel spatial computing approach that uses general-purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate Ripley’s K function for univariate spatial point pattern analysis. Ripley’s K function is a representative spatial point pattern analysis approach that allows for quantitatively evaluating the spatial dispersion characteristics of point patterns. However, considerable computation is often required when analyzing large spatial data using Ripley’s K function. In this study, we developed a massively parallel approach of Ripley’s K function for accelerating spatial point pattern analysis. GPUs serve as a massively parallel platform that is built on many-core architecture for speeding up Ripley’s K function. Variable-grained domain decomposition and thread-level synchronization based on shared memory are parallel strategies designed to exploit concurrency in the spatial algorithm of Ripley’s K function for efficient parallelization. Experimental results demonstrate that substantial acceleration is obtained for Ripley’s K function parallelized within GPU environments.     

1977～2008年延吉市城市景观格局演变

以延吉市为研究对象,利用1977年、1986年1:5万地形图,1992年、2001年TM影像,2008年ALOS影像等5期多源数据,运用景观生态学原理,借助遥感和GIS技术,选取城市景观构成、平均斑块面积、斑块密度、斑块分形维数、景观分离度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数等进行分析,揭示延吉市近31 a来城市景观格局演变及...     

Predicting human mobility with activity changes

Human mobility patterns can provide valuable information in understanding the impact of human behavioral regularities in urban systems, usually with a specific focus on traffic prediction, public health or urban planning. While existing studies on human movement have placed huge emphasis on spatial location to predict where people go next, the time dimension component is usually being treated with oversimplification or even being neglected. Time dimension is crucial to understanding and detecting human activity changes, which play a negative role in prediction and thus may affect the predictive accuracy. This study aims to predict human movement from a spatio-temporal perspective by taking into account the impact of activity changes. We analyze and define changes of human activity and propose an algorithm to detect such changes, based on which a Markov chain model is used to predict human movement. The Microsoft GeoLife dataset is used to test our methodology, and the data of two selected users is used to evaluate the performance of the prediction. We compare the predictive accuracy (R²) derived from the data with and without implementing the activity change detection. The results show that the R² is improved from 0.295 to 0.762 for the user with obvious activity changes and from 0.965 to 0.971 for the user without obvious activity changes. The method proposed by this study improves the accuracy in analyzing and predicting human movement and lays the foundation for related urban studies.     

近60 a来西秦岭及周边地区降水的分布格局

基于西秦岭及周边地区15个气象站点的降水、气温等月值、年值资料,采用相关统计分析及检验的方法,研究了1951年以来该区域近60 a干湿变化的时空特征。结果表明:西秦岭及周边地区1951年以来降水量呈下降趋势,秋季降水量减少趋势最明显,速率为-18.6 mm· (10 a)^-1;而近60 a年平均气温呈上升趋势,升温速率为0.28℃· (10 a)^-1。对比气温和降水要素,西秦岭及周边地区年平均温度每升高1℃,则年降水减少37 mm,表明该区近60 a由冷湿向暖干转变。同时将气候要素与Niño3.4指数进行相关分析,结果显示在厄尔尼诺事件发生当年该区降水少,气温高,容易发生干旱。利用改进的经验正交函数法分析西秦岭及其周边地区15个气象站点的气候要素,发现该区年降水距平百分率的第一模态解释方差为49.0%,整个区域呈同向变化,而年平均温度距平第一模态解释方差为78.8%,在整个区域内亦呈现同向变化。对比两个要素第一模态显示西秦岭近60 a东部地区与西部地区相比,呈现降水减少幅度大,气温升高速率小的分布格局。     

Evolving a core-periphery pattern of manufacturing industries across Chinese provinces

This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China＇s reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has pre- sented a significant core-periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial loca- tion is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or hu- man-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addi- tion, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain de- gree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchro- nized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop indus- trial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core-periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.     

基于GIS-SDA的居民点空间分布研究

空间数据分析(SDA)与GIS相结合是研究地理现象空间分布规律的重要方法。借助1994年和2004年两期RS图像,得到徐州市居民点空间分布数据,运用GIS-SDA方法研究徐州市1994年和2004年的居民点空间分布模式,并总结了11年间居民点空间分布的动态演变规律。通过最近邻距离分析(运用R统计量)得出徐州市居民点空间分布总体上呈现集聚趋势,且2004年的集聚程度比1994年低;通过计算居民点空间分布的K函数值,发现随着研究尺度的变化,1994年和2004年的居民点空间分布集聚程度均出现先增后降过程。运用核函数与泰森多边形法计算两个年份的居民点密度分布,核函数法能够从总体上反映徐州市居民点密度空间分布的地域差异,而泰森多边形法对居民点密度空间分布的细部差异较敏感。