Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China

Water samples were collected in 120 stations in the Bohai Sea of China to analyze the distribution of dissolved nutrients and assess the degree of eutrophication in August 2002. The result shows that the average concentration of DIN increased and the PO4-P concentration sharply decreased compared to the previous data of corresponding period. The high concentrations of DIN and PO4-P occurred in coastal waters, especially in the bays and some river estuaries, while the high concentrations of SiO3-Si in the surface and middle depth occurred in the central area of the Bohai Sea. The average ratio of DIN/ PO4-P was much higher than the Redfield Ratio (16:1). Apparently, PO4-P was one of the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growing in the sea. The average concentrations of DON and DOP were higher than their inorganic forms. The results of eutrophication assessment show that 22.1% of all stations were classified as violating the concentration levels of the National Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) for DIN and only 3.9% for PO4-P. The average eutrophication index in the overall area was 0.21±0.22 and the high values occurred in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and near the Yellow River estuary. This means that the state of eutrophication was generally mesotrophic in the Bohai Sea, but relatively worse in the bays, especially some river estuaries.     

中国区域近地面CO2时空分布特征研究

本文利用2009年6月至2010年5月日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）、日本环境署（MOE）与日本环境研究（NIES）所等联合开发的全球首颗专用温室气体观测卫星“呼吸号”（GOSAT）上的被动红外探测器（TANSO）官方反演的近地面975hPa左右的CO₂浓度L4B数据产品,采用ArcGIS地统计分析方法,对比瓦里关全球大气本底站地面观测数据进行真实性检验,分析中国区域近地面CO₂浓度分布的时空变化特征。结果表明：中国区域近地面CO₂浓度空间分布集中,东高西低,差异显著;CO₂浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,月平均浓度4月份（春季）升至最高,7月份（夏季）降至最低。结合“中国统计年鉴2012”中的2009年人口密度、能源消费总量（煤）和GDP等辅助数据对比发现：导致中国近地面CO₂浓度空间分布规律的原因多种多样,不可轻易定论是人为或自然使然,需进一步深入研究。     

耦合手机信令数据和房价数据的城市不同经济水平人群行为活动模式研究

有效分析城市不同经济水平人群的分布特征和活动模式对优化城市资源配置和揭示空间隔离现象有着极高的价值。但人群活动和社会经济等级数据较敏感,使得以往研究仅停留在宏观层面,难以合理划分人群经济等级并对其空间分布和活动模式进行定量分析。本研究以深圳为研究区,基于空间位置关联分析方法,耦合手机信令数据和细尺度房价数据实现了人群经济水平的准确划分,通过计算活动指标定量的分析了不同经济水平人群的空间分布和行为活动特征。研究表明：深圳市不同经济水平人群活动分布与各行政区经济发展相关,呈现“南高北低,西高东低”的格局;深圳市不同经济水平人群之间活动模式存在差异,活动范围、出行距离、出行速度与经济水平存在正向相关;高经济水平人群职住地点相距较远,存在跨行政区分布的现象。本研究分析了城市不同经济水平人群的空间分布特征和活动模式,对城市规划和解决社会不平等问题具有重要的参考价值。     

海洋鱼类分子系统地理学研究进展

简要叙述了分子系统地理学的发展简史、研究内容,重点介绍了Avise的5种物种分布模式及中性溯祖理论。并回顾了近年来分子系统地理学的研究进展及其在海洋鱼类研究中的应用,最后对海洋鱼类分子系统地理学研究进行了展望。     

在海洋环境中的酵母菌分布与多样性

最近几年作者对不同海洋环境中的酵母资源、分布和多样性进行的大量研究,从中发现了22属63种1051株。并且发现这些广泛分布在海水、海泥、高盐海水、深海、各种大型海藻表面、各种海鱼体表和体内和红树林生态系统中。不同种的酵母可以产生蛋白酶、脂酶、植酸酶、菊糖酶、纤维素酶、β-1,3-葡聚酶、嗜杀因子、核黄素、铁载体等活性产物,所以这些酵母菌具有广泛的实际用途。     

板块俯冲带岩浆作用过程的研究

综合分析了板块俯冲带岩浆活动的物质来源、岩浆上涌直至喷出的地球化学过程以及与这些过程相对应的时间尺度等研究的进展,指出了目前研究中存在的主要问题,并建议我国在该领域开展相关的研究中应:1)首先利用独有的地理优势,以处于弧后扩张作用早期的冲绳海槽为研究对象,开展相关的调查与研究;2)积极引进先进的技术手段;3)通过加强国际合作,积极参与国际合作项目,拓展研究领域.     

北黄海典型水域春夏季浮游植物的昼夜变化

根据黄海西北部2006年夏季3个连续站和2007年春季1个连续站垂直分层拖网的调查资料,研究了黄海西北部典型海区浮游植物的昼夜垂直变化.夏季共检出浮游植物79种,主要优势种为旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus、梭角藻Ceratium fusus、三角角藻Ceratium tripos和具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata;春季检出51种,主要优势种为浮动弯角藻Eucampia zodiacus、具槽帕拉藻和尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens.夏季L01站受潮汐的影响各水层低潮期浮游植物细胞丰度高于高潮期,垂直分布趋势为表层细胞丰度最高,底层最低.而由于底栖硅藻的细胞再悬浮作用夏季L02、L03站和春季L02站底层细胞丰度高于表层,但各水层细胞丰度的昼夜变化相对较平缓.     

Regional hydrologic mapping of flows in stream networks

River low flow (LF) is an important hydrological characteristic used in management of the quantity and quality of water resources. A common way to transpose at-station low flow quantiles to ungaged locations involves development of regional multivariate regression models. In site selection studies of water control facilities, need arises to automate the mapping of LF characteristics onto the stream network in a continuous manner. This would allow estimation of LF at any desired ungaged location. A mapping algorithm is introduced that determines the value of regression model's independent variables (input components) over the drainage area of each stream pixel and calculates the flow (output). The mapping algorithm relies mainly on the digital elevation model (DEM) and its derivatives, such as flow direction and flow accumulation. Furthermore, the contribution of each independent variable of the regional model to the total flow may be plotted to represent the flow profiles along the streams. A case study involving LF mapping in rivers of Gilan province, Iran, where LF quantiles are required for issuing water withdrawal permits as well as maintaining water quality standards, is also described in the paper. Overall, the maps and profiles of flow statistics in the region of interest provide convenient visualization and assessment tools for water resource and environmental engineers. The transposition algorithm may also be applied in regional mapping of other flow characteristics such as flood or average flows.     

Gravity-driven sedimentation on the northwestern continental slope in the South China Sea: Results from high-resolution seismic data and piston cores

mODUCnONGravityflowsedimentationonthenorthwsterncontinentalsl0PeoftheSOuthChinaSea(SCS)are0fgreatinterestfromthescientificandengineeringP0intofview-Th0roughknOWedgofcontinentalsloPepmeessesanddepositionfeatUresispreregUisiteforhydID-carbenexploraion0fdeepwaerandforprotectionofoffhoredrineeopneeringstrUcbes(PlaifonnsandpiPelines)againstnaedhed.ManykindsofmassmovmentPIDCess-eswerefoUndtobeactiveonthen0rthernSCS(Damuth,l979;l98O).High-freqUency(3.5ffo)echo-chaIaCterInaPPingisawell…     

Sedimentary macro-structures and forming mechanism of debris flow

IIWr~IOWThesedimentarycharacteristicsofdebrisflowcanreflectthecompoSition,fluidtypeandsedimentaryprocess.ThescholarswhostudymoderndebrisfloWinChinagenerallyclassifydebrisflowbythemethodofviscositywithfloWpattern.SeveraltypicalschemesareshowninTable1,inwhichthemethodofunitweight(fluiddensityinunitvolumet/m3)isusedandfluidunitweightisthoughttobethedirectproPOSitiontotheviscosityofdebrisflow(Wu,1990).Ithasbeenprovedbyhydrcrmechacsthatnon-cohesivedebrisf1OwfollowsBagnoldgranular'flowmedel(B…