顾及特征优化的全极化SAR图像SVM分类

以支持向量数和相关性分析为评估依据,结合序列前进搜寻策略,本文提出一种顾及特征优化的改进SVM分类方法,并将其应用于全极化SAR图像监督分类。真实数据的实验结果表明,该方法不仅具有小样本情况下的良好泛化性能,而且能以更少的特征个数,在更广泛的SVM参数取值范围内获得更高的分类精度。     

Improving the efficiency of ant algorithms using adaptive refinement: Application to storm water network design

The ant algorithm is a new evolutionary optimization method proposed for the solution of discrete combinatorial optimization problems. Many engineering optimization problems involve decision variables of continuous nature. Application of the ant algorithm to the optimization of these continuous problems requires discretization of the continuous search space, thereby reducing the underlying continuous problem to a discrete optimization problem. The level of discretization of the continuous search space, however, could present some problems. Generally, coarse discretization of the continuous design variables could adversely affect the quality of the final solution while finer discretization would enlarge the scale of the problem leading to higher computation cost and, occasionally, to low quality solutions. An adaptive refinement procedure is introduced in this paper as a remedy for the problem just outlined. The method is based on the idea of limiting the originally wide search space to a smaller one once a locally converged solution is obtained. The smaller search space is designed to contain the locally optimum solution at its center. The resulting search space is discretized and a completely new search is conducted to find a better solution. The procedure is continued until no improvement can be made by further refinement. The method is applied to a benchmark problem in storm water network design discipline and the results are compared with those of existing methods. The method is shown to be very effective and efficient regarding the optimality of the solution, and the convergence characteristics of the resulting ant algorithm. Furthermore, the method proves itself capable of finding an optimal, or near-optimal solution, independent of the discretization level and the size of the colony used.     

横向振动格栅紊流紊动特性试验

建立了一套大尺度格栅紊流试验系统,格栅进行有别于传统垂向模式的横向振动,采用粒子图像测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)测量流速。对瞬时流速的检验表明,该系统产生的紊流场具有较强的随机性和统计规律性。均方根流速在格栅片附近变化较大,在两片格栅中间处趋于稳定,纵向均方根流速明显大于垂向均方根流速,二者比值在1.5~2.0之间,接近天然明渠紊流。雷诺应力在距格栅越近处波动越大,随着距格栅距离的增加而减小,至两片格栅中间处雷诺应力基本为0。时间和长度积分尺度在格栅片处最小,随着距格栅距离的增加而线性增加,至两片格栅中间处达到最大值。流速能谱呈现Kolmogorov理论的-5/3次方规律。本系统生成的紊流场的统计规律与传统的垂向振动格栅紊流较为一致,但纵向和垂向的紊动强度更接近实际,为后续紊流中泥沙和污染物等运动机理的研究奠定了基础。     

Sediment transport in high‐speed flows over a fixed bed: 2. Particle impacts and abrasion prediction

Single bed load particle impacts were experimentally investigated in supercritical open channel flow over a fixed planar bed of low relative roughness height simulating high‐gradient non‐alluvial mountain streams as well as hydraulic structures. Particle impact characteristics (impact velocity, impact angle, Stokes number, restitution and dynamic friction coefficients) were determined for a wide range of hydraulic parameters and particle properties. Particle impact velocity scaled with the particle velocity, and the vertical particle impact velocity increased with excess transport stage. Particle impact and rebound angles were low and decreased with transport stage. Analysis of the particle impacts with the bed revealed almost no viscous damping effects with high normal restitution coefficients exceeding unity. The normal and resultant Stokes numbers were high and above critical thresholds for viscous damping. These results are attributed to the coherent turbulent structures near the wall region, i.e. bursting motion with ejection and sweep events responsible for turbulence generation and particle transport. The tangential restitution coefficients were slightly below unity and the dynamic friction coefficients were lower than for alluvial bed data, revealing that only a small amount of horizontal energy was transferred to the bed. The abrasion prediction model formed by Sklar and Dietrich in 2004 was revised based on the new equations on vertical impact velocity and hop length covering various bed configurations. The abrasion coefficient k_v was found to be vary around k_v ~ 10⁵ for hard materials (tensile strength f_t > 1 MPa), one order of magnitude lower than the value assumed so far for Sklar and Dietrich's model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国地震地形变国家级台网（定点）调优建议方案

根据我国现有地震地形变观测台网的实际情况，讨论了台网调整优化的基本原则及综合评估标准，并据以提出了调整优化后构成中国地震地形变国家级台网的４３个台站。     

基于遗传算法的巷道位移反分析研究

将遗传算法应用到位移反分析研究中,采用遗传算法与FLAC数值软件相结合的手段,研制了弹塑性巷道位移反分析程序。对该程序测试的结果表明,用遗传算法这一模拟生物进化的方法,进行巷道位移反分析,可以同时反演E,μ,C,ф,σx,σy,τxy7个参数,反演精度较高。     

浅析水利工程实施方案的灰色优选

由于灰色系统考虑了系统内部因素相互关系不完全清楚性,因而应用灰色局势决策法选择水利工程实施方案．更具有客观性、科学性。以某水利工程为实例,介绍了用灰色局势决策法对实施方案进行优选的原理和方法,通过实例证明：灰色局势决策法具有较好的实用性,且操作简便。     

应用PIV系统研究横流中近壁水平圆柱绕流旋涡特性

应用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对横流中近壁水平圆柱绕流进行了试验研究。介绍了试验原理及装置,讨论了试验参数的选取和粒子的跟随性问题。分析了上游来流的流动特性,显示了亚临界雷诺数下间隙比为0.5时圆柱后尾流区旋涡产生、发展和消亡的动态过程,比较了时均流场和瞬时流场旋涡结构。对圆柱尾迹的旋涡脱落特性进行了分析,得出在试验条件下斯特劳哈尔数保持为常数0.2的结论。     

应用重力场模型GL1500E和LLR天平动参数估算月核大小及其组成

针对月核大小及密度估计问题,利用高分辨率重力场模型GL1500E的二阶位系数和LLR(lunar laser ranging)天平动参数,考虑月核分层为外核和内核的情况,结合非线性粒子群优化算法,对月核大小和组成进行了估计。大批量的统计结果表明,大概率分布的外核半径rc1约为469 km,内核半径rc2约为303 km,外核密度ρc1约为4613 kg/m3,内核密度ρc2约为7004 kg/m3,月幔密度ρm约为3340 kg/m3。月幔密度非常接近地质研究结果3360 kg/m3,内外核半径与近期其他研究结果相近,估算的月核大小与密度组成具有一定的参考价值。若月核由纯铁和硫化亚铁组成,则研究表明,内核大部分由纯铁组成,外核大部分由硫化亚铁组成。     

几种梯度场计算的数值算法及其地学应用

梯度作为标量场在空间上最重要的微观变化特征,能较好地反映其在空间上的变化趋势。本文介绍了中心差分算子、相邻梯度因子和Sobel梯度算子三种梯度数值算法。以点电荷在三维空间中产生的电势场构造了一标量场,通过理论公式求解了其梯度值,并将理论梯度值与三种数值算法的结果进行了对比与统计分析,验证了三种梯度数值算法的有效性和适用性。结果表明,排除场源的影响后,Sobel梯度算子相较其它两种数值算法更逼近于理论梯度值。最后,利用Sobel梯度算子求取了某铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的梯度场,用梯度场刻画了视电阻率在空间上的变化趋势,提高了对三维地下空间的电性分布规律和地质情况的认识。