Leucocratic and Gabbroic Xenoliths from Hualalai Volcano, Hawai'i

A diverse range of crustal xenoliths is hosted in young alkalibasalt lavas and scoria deposits (erupted 3–5 ka) at thesummit of Huallai. Leucocratic xenoliths, including monzodiorites,diorites and syenogabbros, are distinctive among Hawaiian plutonicrocks in having alkali feldspar, apatite, zircon and biotite,and evolved mineral compositions (e.g. albitic feldspar, clinopyroxeneMg-number 67–78). Fine-grained diorites and monzodioritesare plutonic equivalents of mugearite lavas, which are unknownat Huallai. These xenoliths appear to represent melt compositionsfalling along a liquid line of descent leading to trachyte—amagma type which erupted from Huallai as a prodigious lava flowand scoria cone at 114 ka. Inferred fractionating assemblages,MELTS modeling, pyroxene geobarometry and whole-rock norms allpoint to formation of the parent rocks of the leucocratic xenolithsat 3–7 kbar pressure. This depth constraint on xenolithformation, coupled with a demonstrated affinity to hypersthene-normativebasalt and petrologic links between the xenoliths and the trachyte,suggests that the shift from shield to post-shield magmatismat Huallai was accompanied by significant deepening of the activemagma reservoir and a gradual transition from tholeiitic toalkalic magmas. Subsequent differentiation of transitional basaltsby fractional crystallization was apparently both extreme—culminatingin >5·5 km³ of trachyte—and rapid, at 2·75x 10⁶ m³ magma crystallized/year. KEY WORDS: geothermobarometry; magma chamber; xenolith; cumulate; intensive parameters     

模块化预制拼装铁路实心桥墩抗震性能数值分析

为适应施工期短的严/高寒地区和近海铁路桥梁工程发展,提高铁路桥梁工程的施工效率和工程质量.文中提出了一种用于铁路桥梁工程中的模块化预制拼装实心桥墩,该桥墩不仅可以纵向节段连接,还可以通过多个可互连的模块水平连接.基于ABAQUS程序,开展了铁路桥梁模块化预制拼装桥墩在单调、往复荷载作用下力学性能数值分析,对该桥墩的承载...     

附参数的条件平差与按行独立的加权最小二乘法估计的一致性研究

测量平差问题多以间接平差模型为基础,间接平差是以观测值表达为参数的显函数为前提,而现代测量技术中,函数模型多表现为参数和观测值的隐函数,线性化后应为附参数的条件平差模型。本文介绍了附参数条件平差模型和加权总体最小二乘估计之间在解决这类问题的原理以及精度估计方法,证明二者估计结果是一致的,旨在揭示TLS方法与经典平差方法的关系,推广总体最小二乘及其扩展方法在现代测量数据处理中的应用。     

矿山开采沉陷动态参数预计方法的探讨

开采沉陷动态参数预计是矿山开采沉陷学科的核心内容,它对开采沉陷的理论研究和生产实践都有重要意义。本文简要介绍开采沉陷动态参数预计的几种方法,采用编程语言Visual Basic 6.0进行开发,编制了概率积分法求取动态预计参数经验公式的程序。通过实例,取得了较满意的预计参数,对于矿区的开采有一定的指导意义。     

三维坐标转换严密方法的研究及VB程序实现

传统的基于泰勒级数展开的线性模型转换方法仅适用于小角度的空间直角坐标转换,角度较大时产生误差较大,需要进行复杂的三角函数和迭代计算,增加了数据处理的难度。而基于Rodrigo矩阵的方法不需要复杂的三角函数计算和迭代计算,且计算速度快,易于程序实现。实验表明,采用Rodrigo矩阵是进行三维坐标转换的一种比较严密简便的方法。     

全球定位系统的新进展(讲座) 第2讲 导航电文新增参数及相应的算法——从导航电文的变化看GPS系统的进展

介绍了GPS现代化实施后调制在L2C码和L5码上的导航电文CNAV中地球定向参数EOP、卫星导航定位系统之间的时间差参数GGTO、微分改正参数DC和卫星星历参数等新增的参数,以及这些参数相应的算法。     

Biases on the cosmological parameters and thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich residuals

We examine the biases induced on cosmological parameters when the presence of secondary anisotropies is not taken into account in cosmic microwave background analyses. We first develop an exact analytical expression for computing the biases on parameters when any additive signal is neglected in the analysis. We then apply it in the context of the forthcoming Planck experiment. For illustration, we investigate the effect of the sole residual thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich signal that remains after cluster extraction. We find, in particular, that analyses neglecting the presence of this contribution introduce on the cosmological parameters n _s and τ biases, at least ∼6.5 and 2.9 times their 1σ confidence intervals. The Ω_b parameter is also biased to a lesser extent.     

The Fundamental Plane for early-type galaxies: dependence on the magnitude range

Studying three samples of early-type galaxies, which include approximately 8800 galaxies and cover a relatively ample magnitude range  (〈Δ M 〉∼ 5.5 mag)  , we find that the coefficients as well as the intrinsic dispersion of the Fundamental Plane depend on the width and brightness of the magnitude range within which the galaxies are distributed. We analyse this dependence, and the results show that it is due to the fact that the distribution of galaxies in the space defined by the variables     depends on the luminosity.     

Satellite kinematics – II. The halo mass–luminosity relation of central galaxies in SDSS

The kinematics of satellite galaxies reflect the masses of the extended dark matter haloes in which they orbit, and thus shed light on the mass–luminosity relation (MLR) of their corresponding central galaxies. In this paper, we select a large sample of centrals and satellites from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and measure the kinematics (velocity dispersions) of the satellite galaxies as a function of the r -band luminosity of the central galaxies. Using the analytical framework presented in More, van den Bosch & Cacciato, we use these data to infer both the mean and the scatter of the MLR of central galaxies, carefully taking account of selection effects and biases introduced by the stacking procedure. As expected, brighter centrals on average reside in more massive haloes. In addition, we find that the scatter in halo masses for centrals of a given luminosity,  σ_{log  M}   , also increases with increasing luminosity. As we demonstrate, this is consistent with  σ_{log  L}   , which reflects the scatter in the conditional probability function   P ( L _c| M )  , being independent of halo mass. Our analysis of the satellite kinematics yields  σ_{log  L} = 0.16  ±  0.04  , in excellent agreement with constraints from clustering and group catalogues, and with predictions from a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. We thus conclude that the amount of stochasticity in galaxy formation, which is characterized by  σ_{log  L}   , is well constrained, independent of halo mass and in a good agreement with current models of galaxy formation.