寒区黏土与结构接触面冻结强度特性试验研究

寒区土与结构接触面冻结强度可以视为是与土性、温度、含水量、界面粗糙度、法向压力等诸多因素直接相关的复杂函数形式,并直接影响到上部结构的承载能力及稳定性。以青藏高原黏土与不同粗糙度的钢板结构接触面为研究对象,通过不同含水率、不同温度及不同法向压力下冻结黏土与钢板结构接触面的直剪正交试验,研究土与结构接触面冻结强度的影响因素及影响程度大小,并对冻结强度的变化规律进行初步分析和探讨。研究结果表明含水量对抗剪强度的影响最大,在不同影响因素共同作用下,界面抗剪强度最小值为0.13 MPa,最大值为0.45 MPa。界面抗剪强度随含水量的增加、温度的升高而明显降低,随界面法向压力和粗糙度的增大呈明显增大趋势。界面强度基本可通过摩尔-库仑准则,利用界面的黏聚力和内摩擦角进行表示,并在文中给出了界面强度的参考值。     

云南地区地震活动能量场的时空分布特征

本文运用随机函数理论，将云南地区地震活动能量场看作时间和空间的随机函数，用自然正交函数展开方法，研究地震活动区内主要典型能量场的时间权重系数变化曲线以及该典型能量场的空间等值线图。研究发现，目标曲线较大幅度的升、降变化预示了可能发生中强地震的时间段，而目标等值线图的疏密变化揭示了可能发生中强地震的区域。     

正交最小二乘法及其在分析化学中的应用

介绍了一种线性模型参数回归分析方法-正交最小二乘法，并以电子探针微区分析技术分析环境样品的数据为例，对正交最小二乘法和经典最小二乘法的结果进行了详细比较。数据处理结果表明，当变自量和因变量都同时存在测量误差时（或自变量的测量误差与因变量的测量误差相比不能忽略时），正交最小二乘法获得的回归系数优于经典最小二乘法。对正交最小二乘法中的线性模型能解释的方差与经典最小二乘法中的相关系数的关系也进行了讨论。     

Seasonal Evolution of Dominant Modes in South Pacific SST and Relationship with ENSO

A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function(S-EOF) analysis was applied to the seasonal mean SST anomalies(SSTAs) based on the HadISST1 dataset with linear trend removed at every grid point in the South Pacific(60.5-19.5 S,139.5 E-60.5 W) during the period 1979-2009.The spatiotemporal characteristics of the dominant modes and their relationships with ENSO were analyzed.The results show that there are two seasonally evolving dominant modes of SSTAs in the South Pacific with interannual and interdecadal variations;they account for nearly 40% of the total variance.Although the seasonal evolution of spatial patterns of the first S-EOF mode(S-EOF1) did not show remarkable propagation,it decays with season remarkably.The second S-EOF mode(S-EOF2) showed significant seasonal evolution and intensified with season,with distinct characteristics of eastward propagation of the negative SSTAs in southern New Zealand and positive SSTAs southeast of Australia.Both of these two modes have significant relationships with ENSO.These two modes correspond to the post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years,respectively.The SEOF1 mode associated with the decay of the eastern Pacific(EP) and the central Pacific(CP) types of ENSO exhibited a more significant relationship with the EP/CP type of El Nin o than that with the EP/CP type of La Nin a.The S-EOF2 mode contacted with the EP type of El Nin o changing into the EP/CP type of La Nin a showed a more significant connection with the EP/CP type of La Nin a.     

The Effects of Vegetation Density on Coherent Turbulent Structures within the Canopy Sublayer: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study

Large-eddy simulation has become an important tool for the study of the atmospheric boundary layer. However, since large-eddy simulation does not simulate small scales, which do interact to some degree with large scales, and does not explicitly resolve the viscous sublayer, it is reasonable to ask if these limitations affect significantly the ability of large-eddy simulation to simulate large-scale coherent structures. This issue is investigated here through the analysis of simulated coherent structures with the proper orthogonal decomposition technique. We compare large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer with direct numerical simulation of channel flow. Despite the differences of the two flow types it is expected that the atmospheric boundary layer should exhibit similar structures as those in the channel flow, since these large-scale coherent structures arise from the same primary instability generated by the interaction of the mean flow with the wall surface in both flows. It is shown here that several important similarities are present in the two simulations: (i) coherent structures in the spanwise-vertical plane consist of a strong ejection between a pair of counter-rotating vortices; (ii) each vortex in the pair is inclined from the wall in the spanwise direction with a tilt angle of approximately 45°; (iii) the vortex pair curves up in the streamwise direction. Overall, this comparison adds further confidence in the ability of large-eddy simulation to produce large-scale structures even when wall models are used. Truncated reconstruction of instantaneous turbulent fields is carried out, testing the ability of the proper orthogonal decomposition technique to approximate the original turbulent field with only a few of the most important eigenmodes. It is observed that the proper orthogonal decomposition reconstructs the turbulent kinetic energy more efficiently than the vorticity.     

用经验正交函数构造武汉地区电子浓度总含量的经验模式

本文利用经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function, 简称EOF）分析了武汉电离层台站一个太阳黑子周期（1980年4月～1990年12月）的实测电离层电子浓度总含量（TEC）资料,在此基础上构建了一个武汉地区的TEC月中值的经验模式.结果表明：（1）以EOF分析观测数据具有一定的物理意义,其基函数表征TEC的日变化,系数表征TEC的长期变化;（2）EOF技术展开收敛速度快,很少数低阶项即能反映TEC的主要变化,采用经验正交函数建模可以用较少的参数表征较复杂的物理过程.此外,本文还就TEC模式的外部驱动量的改进问题作了一些探讨,发现用F107A（107cm太阳辐射通量F107的81天滑动平均值）作TEC建模的外部驱动量能够更好地提高EOF模式的精度和稳定性.     

基于正交小波变换的并行软判决盲均衡算法

针对常数模算法收敛速度慢的缺点,在分析基于正交小波变换盲均衡器结构和并行软判决盲均衡算法的基础上,提出一种基于正交小波变换的并行软判决盲均衡算法.该算法将正交小波变换引入到并行软判决算法中,利用正交小波变换对信号很强的去相关能力,降低信号的自相关性,以加快算法的收敛速度.水声信道仿真结果表明,与并行的软判决盲均衡算法相比,所提出的基于正交小波变换的并行软判决盲均衡算法具有更快的收敛速度.     

中国1960-2016年风能资源的时空分布特征

基于462个气象观测站1960–2016年共57年的近地面风速日资料,利用克里格空间内插,最小二乘法,相关系数检验和经验正交函数分解(EOF)等方法分析了年均和各个季节中国区域风速及有效风能密度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在中国北部和部分沿海地区年平均风速在3 m s-1以上,有效风能密度在75 W m-2以上,而在中国南部地区平均风速和有效风能密度均较小。近五十多年以来,中国区域年均和季节平均风速呈明显下降趋势,北部地区春季递减率最大,沿海地区冬季递减率最大。广东部分地区年平均风速有增大的趋势,西南,华南和华中西部地区年平均风速变化不大。平均风速大的区域,递减率也大。年平均风速和年有效风能密度的主要空间分布模态表现出高度的一致性,均呈现逐年减小趋势。中国风速及风能资源的减小趋势,主要与全球变暖及土地利用变化有关。     

基于Chebyshev多项式的弯曲射线Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移

弯曲射线Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移被认为是一种综合了叠前时间偏移效率和叠前深度偏移精度的方法.本文以保精度地减少高阶Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移走时计算量为目标,在分析了Chebyshev正交多项式性质的基础上,建立了Chebyshev多项式约简系数表,进而用模拟退火法对转换系数进行分段优化,从而实现了在大炮检距...     

首都圈及邻近区域地震活动能量场研究

通过对首都圈及邻近区域的地震资料采用自然正交簇解析方法,分析了中强以上地震前地震活动能量时间因子和能量空间分布异常情况,发现自然正交簇解析的方法能够较好地提取中强震前的地震异常信息,虽然有些异常规律并不十分明显,其物理机制也不是十分明确,但是该方法还是一种有效的、值得探索的地震预测方法.