Microscopic Analyses of Insoluble Particles in an Ice Core of ürümqi Glacier No. 1: Quantification of Mineral and Organic Particles

Insoluble particle concentration in ice cores is commonly analyzed as a proxy for varia-tions in atmospheric mineral dust (aerosol concentration). However, recent studies have revealed that the mineral dust is not only a constituent of the particles but that biogenic organic particles are also contained. We microscopically analyzed insoluble particles in a shallow ice core drilled on a mountain glacier, the ürümqi Glacier No. 1, in eastern Tienshan, China. We distinguished different morphologi-cal particles...     

A multi-method approach for the study of lanthanum speciation in coastal and estuarine sediments

Two independent analytical methods (sequential extraction and kinetic extraction methods) were applied in order to understand the distribution and speciation of La in the coastal and estuarine sediments from the central east coast of India. Sequential extraction study revealed that La was primarily present as inert complexes (~ 50–60% of the total La) in all the sediments. Amounts of ~ 20–30% of the total La in all the sediments were found to associate with the total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediments. The dissociation rate constants of La–sediment complexes obtained from kinetic extraction studies revealed that the concentration of thermodynamically weak complexes of La gradually increased with the increasing La/TOC ratio in the sediments.     

Playa‐lake sedimentation and organic matter accumulation in an Andean piggyback basin: the recent record from the Cuenca de Pozuelos,North‐west Argentina

Expansive playa‐lake systems situated in high‐altitude piggyback basins are important and conspicuous components of both modern and ancient cordilleran orogenic systems. Extant playa lakes provide vital habitat for numerous endemic species, whereas sediments from these deposystems may record signals of climate change or develop natural resources over geological time. Laguna de los Pozuelos (North‐west Argentina) provides the opportunity for an actualistic sedimentological and geochemical assessment of a piggyback basin playa lake in an area of critical interest for understanding Quaternary palaeoclimate dynamics. Silty clays and diatom ooze are the dominant playa‐lake centre microfacies, with concentrations of total organic carbon and biogenic silica commonly exceeding 1·5 wt% in this sub‐environment. Elemental and stable isotopic analyses point to a mixed organic matter composition in the playa‐lake centre, with substantial contributions from algae and transported aquatic macrophytes. Bulk sediment and organic mass accumulation rates in the southern playa‐lake centre approach 0·22 g cm^?2 year^?1 and 2·89 mg cm^?2 year^?1, respectively, indicating moderately rapid deposition with negligible deflation over historic time. Playa margin facies contain higher percentages of fragmented biogenic carbonate (ostracods and charophytes) and inorganically precipitated aragonite crusts due to seasonal pumping and evaporation of ground water. Organic matter accumulation is limited along these heavily bioturbated wet and dry mud flats. Fluvial–lacustrine transitional environments, which are key waterbird habitats, are either silty terminal splay (northern axis) or sandy deltas (southern axis) containing highly oxidized and partially allochthonous organic matter. Modern analogue data from Laguna de los Pozuelos provide key insights for: (i) environmental reconstructions of ancient lake sequences; and (ii) improving facies models for piggyback basins.     

陆相页岩气富集主控因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地延安探区山西组为例

为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地东南部页岩及页岩气富集特征,选取延安探区页岩样品进行岩石热解、镜质体反射率、页岩解析气、等温吸附等实验分析,对研究区山西组页岩气的富集主控因素进行详细的探讨。结果表明：①有机碳总量变化范围较大,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主。镜质体反射率Ro平均值为2.39%~2.51%,处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。②有机碳含量、热解参数游离烃（S1）及热解烃（S2）均与解析气含量、等温吸附气含量呈现正相关性,镜质体反射率Ro与解析气、残余气及总含气量具正相关关系。③储层孔隙度较低,物性与页岩气含量成正比;粘土矿物含量较高,比表面积高,有利于提高页岩对气体的吸附能力,但是粘土矿物含量与页岩气产量成反比。④山1段早白垩世末期地层过剩压力较高,延川—张家滩—云岩—宜川一带的地层过剩压力基本在10 MPa以上,地层过剩压力对页岩气的保存具有决定作用。研究结果认为,页岩气的富集主控因素为高有机质丰度、高热演化程度,其次物性显示测试样品渗透率较高、早白垩世末期的地层过剩压力较大,为页岩气提供了重要的保存条件。     

添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。     

广西来宾蓬莱滩二叠纪瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线剖面元素和同位素地球化学研究及地质意义

广西来宾蓬莱滩二叠系瓜德鲁普统-乐平统界线剖面已被国际地质科学联合会确定为国际界线层型标准剖面,在该界面附近发生了一次重要的全球性生物绝灭事件。蓬莱滩剖面样品采自乐平统合山组底部(由硅质岩和透镜状灰岩组成)和瓜德鲁普统茅口组上部来宾灰岩(由硅质灰岩、灰岩和少量硅质岩组成)。它们具有高的SiO2含量(除3个样品低于10%以外,其余样品均大于17%,平均为43.44%)、m值(>50)与Sr/Ba值(>1.0)和低的MgO/CaO(绝大部分低于02)与 V/(V+Ni)值(<046); Ce和Eu亏损明显。这些地球化学特征反映它们是在相对氧化的浅海环境中形成的,硅的来源非常丰富。样品的εNd(t)值(-7.5~-3.3)和(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.70705~0.70739)都位于全球大洋Nd、Sr同位素演化曲线晚二叠纪时期区域内。有机碳的δ13Corg值变化明显(-26.7‰~-23.2‰),尤其是在瓜德鲁普统与乐平统以及茅口组与合山组界线附近发生显著的负漂移(达34‰),而且与无机碳的δ13C值呈现大致平行的变化趋势,证实在该界线附近发生过生物绝灭事件。虽然对瓜德鲁普统—乐平统交替时期发生的生物绝灭事件已提出过包括海平面下降在内的多种假设,但本文认为,由地幔柱上升引起的、以峨嵋山玄武岩喷发为代表的超级火山活动以及由此引起的环境效应是该时期生物绝灭的主要原因。     

Depositional environment of a Kimmeridgian carbonate 'black band' (Akkuyu Formation, south-western Turkey)

The Upper Jurassic Akkuyu Formation of south-western Turkey consists of pale-coloured carbonate facies, but includes a peculiar ‘black band’ at its base. In order to characterize the depositional environment of this level, a sedimentological, organic and inorganic geochemical study was performed on 30 samples. Three units are distinguished. Unit 1 consists of black marlstones, very rich in organic carbon (22–30%) with HI (hydrogen index) values around 600. The organic matter is an amorphous homogeneous material even at nanoscopic scale. This unit is also characterized by a very high concentration of V ( >1000 p.p.m.) and a δ¹³C_org value around ?26·5‰. Unit 2 shows thin-bedded black limestones with chert layers. Its organic content varies from 2% to 6%. As in unit 1, the HI values are uniformly high (600), and gas chromatography shows a high quantity of hopanes. The V concentration is also high (≈400 p.p.m.). The unit has a high Sr/Ca ratio, an organic carbon isotopic ratio close to ?28·7‰ and diffuse, nanoscopically amorphous organic material that is closely associated with pyrite. Unit 3 corresponds to the white limestones overlying the ‘black band’. This calcitic facies is almost devoid of organic carbon (<0·1%). The δ¹³C_org values are similar to those of unit 1 (?25·5‰ to ?26‰). Deposition occurred in a basinal environment surrounded by a carbonate platform. Primary productivity was high but not exceptional; terrestrial organic inputs were scarce. Bottom waters were probably euxinic during the deposition of unit 1. The presence of both hopane-rich and sulphur-rich nanoscopically amorphous organic matter may be the result of strong sulphate-reducing bacterial activity. Coupled with low amounts of iron, this led to intense vulcanization of the organic matter and thus good preservation. With the onset of unit 2 deposition, environmental conditions became less extreme, perhaps because of cooler water temperatures. Finally, the depositional conditions became oxic, leading to the accumulation of pale-coloured organic-poor limestones of unit 3.