甘肃陇山地区葫芦河群变质玄武岩及大地构造环境恢复

葫芦河群变质玄武岩以其高不相容元素、稀土元素和低MgO、Cr和Ni含量有别于现代洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,在FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3和Ti/100-Zr-Y×3判别图上,均落在大陆玄武岩区。在剖面上,与变质玄武岩整合接触的巨厚的变砂岩和大量出现的火山角砾岩和集块岩是浅海环境的标志;密集的辉绿岩墙群是拉张性大地构造环境的特征。因此,本文认为葫芦河群变质玄武岩原岩形成于陆内裂陷海盆环境。     

新疆中天山地块星星峡群形成的构造背景及峰期变质条件

中天山地块是天山造山带的重要组成部分,其前寒武纪基底的年龄自西向东逐渐变老。星星峡群位于中天山地块最东端,是天山造山带最古老的前寒武纪基底。目前为止,有关星星峡群原岩形成的构造背景与后期发生的变形变质作用尚无详细研究。文章重点对星星峡群的变质片岩和片麻岩进行了野外观察和取样,室内开展了薄片观察、矿物电子探针分析以及全岩地球化学测试。全岩主量元素地球化学分析表明,星星峡群变质片岩和片麻岩的原岩主要为泥质岩和砂岩;微量与稀土元素结果显示,星星峡群沉积形成于大陆弧或活动大陆边缘环境。依据矿物电子探针成分分析数据结合全岩主量元素测试结果计算获得,星星峡群所经历的峰期变质温压条件大致为610~730℃,6.8~8.5 kbar。此外,通过最新的基底岩石变质年龄限定星星峡群发生峰期变质的时间大概在380 Ma。     

Extensional Setting of Hainan Island in Mesoproterozoic: Evidence from Granitic Intrusions in the Baoban Group

The Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group is the oldest basement in Hainan Island and has played an important role in Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent reconstructions. The Mesoproterozoic granitic intrusions in the Baoban Group are the most widely-exposed Precambrian magmatic rocks and are the key to understanding the tectonic settings of Hainan Island and its relationship with the South China Block and the Columbia supercontinent. New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating on three mylonitic granite samples from the Tuwaishan and Baoban areas yield ages ranging from 1447 Ma to 1437 Ma, representing the absolute timing of the emplacement of the granitic intrusions. Combined with previously published geochronological data for rocks from the Baoban Group and regional mafic intrusions, it is concluded that the Baoban Group formed at 1460–1430 Ma, coeval with the emplacement of the granitic and mafic intrusions. New in-situ zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses for the three mylonitic granite samples yielded positive εHf(t) values, ranging from +0.49 to +8.27, with model ages (TCDM) ranging from 2181 Ma to 1687 Ma, suggesting that the granitic intrusions originated from a mixed source of Paleoproterozoic crust with juvenile crust. New zircon trace element data show characteristics of high Th/U values of 0.24–1.50, steep slopes from LREE to HREE and negative Pr, Eu anomalies with positive Ce, Sm anomalies, representing typical magmatic zircons formed in continental crust. Compared with available magmatic and detrital zircon ages from Precambrian rocks in the Cathaysia Block, Yangtze Block and western Laurentia, it is inferred that Hainan Island was separated from both the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Block, instead being connected with western Laurentia in the Columbia supercontinent. Considering the decreasing tendency of basin deposition time along the western margin of Laurentia, it is proposed that Hainan Island was located to the north or northwest of the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, along the western margin of Laurentia, during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.     

湖南道县虎子岩碱性玄武岩及其基性捕虏体成因和地质意义

本文在湖南道县虎子岩地区采集了碱性玄武岩、橄榄辉长岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏体。碱性玄武岩的斑晶为橄榄石(10%~15%),岩石K2O含量为2.88%~3.51%,Mg#值为80,具有洋岛玄武岩的微量元素特征,岩石具有富集的氧同位素组成(7.8‰~11.0‰),可能是其上升到地表后由碳酸盐岩组分的加入及后期风化蚀变作用造成的,其相对均一且为负的εNd(t)值和靠近EMⅡ地幔端员的特点,指示了该玄武岩是拉张构造环境下富集地幔部分熔融的产物。橄榄辉长岩具有弱富集的LREE(La/Yb)N=2.5~3.0)、弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.03~1.06),其Sr-Nd同位素组成更靠近EMⅡ地幔端员,87Sr/86Sr比值、εNd(t)值及Nd模式年龄均高于碱性玄武岩,说明橄榄辉长岩是先形成的上述玄武岩浆在未到达地表之前局部发生结晶作用后形成的。基性麻粒岩捕虏体具较强的正Eu异常(δEu=1.42~4.41),其重稀土元素含量出现明显的分组特征,强烈亏损U、Th和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,同时Sr-Nd同位素组成显示其具有壳幔混合的特征。本文结合已有研究结果,探讨了岩浆起源和演化,以及与古太平洋板片俯冲有关的构造环境转换。     

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区主要矿床类型及成矿规律

本文基于萨吾尔地区目前发育的主要矿床(点)吐尔库班套铜镍矿点、阔尔真阔腊金铜矿床、布尔克斯岱金矿床、罕哲尕能铜矿床、塔斯特金矿床、黑山头金矿点、那林卡拉铜钼矿点等的研究,分析了区域矿化类型及成矿规律。认为萨吾尔地区矿床成因类型可分为三类,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床、斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床。矿化以Au、Cu矿化为主,Cu-Ni、Mo矿化次之。成矿时代分布在中泥盆世、早石炭世、晚石炭世,集中于早石炭世(354~336Ma)。空间上,岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床分布于萨吾尔北部科克森套地区,斑岩型-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu-Mo矿床、与中酸性侵入岩有关的构造蚀变岩型Au矿床主要分布于萨吾尔山南部。成矿构造背景分别对应于区域中泥盆世岛弧环境、早石炭世岛弧环境、晚石炭世碰撞造山后环境。区域成矿规律显示了进一步的找矿潜力:萨吾尔北部科克森套地区发育的镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆Cu-Ni硫化物矿床的找矿潜力;阔尔真阔腊-布尔克斯岱地区斑岩型-浅成低温热液型金铜矿床的找矿潜力;区域晚石炭世-早二叠世斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床的找矿潜力;萨吾尔断裂及其次级断裂控制范围内的Au-Cu找矿潜力。     

长白山区二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因

采用岩石化学和同位素分析方法,研究了二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因。玄武质熔岩由钠质拉斑玄武岩和钾质粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩组成。它们的REE分配形式比较相近,表明它们来自共同的源区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪表明,二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩岩浆源区接近于似原始地幔。它们的Mg#=100Mg O/(Mg O+Fe O)低于中国东部新生代玄武岩原始岩浆的Mg#(60~68),Ni(27.76×10-6~200.6×10-6)低于原始地幔,Rb/Sr(0.05~0.09)、Ba/Rb(15.64~264)高于原始地幔,说明这些岩石不是源自原始地幔。玄武质熔岩的DI变化于42~67,具有高Ca、高Sr、Eu正异常,微量元素图解显示玄武岩保留部分熔融趋势,粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗安岩具有结晶分异趋势,岩浆上升过程中发生了不同程度的地壳混染作用。玄武质熔岩的Nb/Ta之比为14.8~15.8,与勘察加半岛深俯冲带火山类似。Nb/Ta-(Na2O-K2O)关系图解显示研究区玄武质岩浆的形成与俯冲板片的部分熔融有关。     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic ConstraintsOn Petrogenesis of Plagiogranite from the Cuomuqu Ophiolite, Bangong Lake Area, North Tibet

Field observation,geochemical signatures and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that Cuomuqu ophiolite in the Bangonghu area was formed in a back-arc basin(BAB) above a suprasubduction zone(SSZ). Zircon U-Pb dating of the diabase from the Cuomuqu massif yielded an age of 164.3±1.9 Ma,thus indicating that the ophiolite complex was formed in the Middle Jurassic during back-arc extension of the mature Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. The zircon εHf(t) and TDMC values of the plagiogranite are similar to the εHf(t) and TDM of the diabase,respectively. The mode of occurrence of plagiogranites and their bulk-rock and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that they were derived from the mantle,associated with the surrounding gabbro and diabase,and were formed by partial melting of altered and hydrated mafic rocks under shear conditions during lateral drifting of the oceanic crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the plagiogranite is 156.4±1.4 Ma,and it is 7.9 Ma younger than the hosting diabase. In this study,zircon chronological and Hf isotopic data were tentatively analyzed to determine the genesis of plagiogranites in the Cuomuqu ophiolite complex.     

成矿流体动力学与大地构造环境的关系(英文)

热液矿床的形成需要大量流体,而流体的运移需要包括地势差、岩石变形、热梯度及热异常等多种驱动力。这些流体驱动力与构造环境及过程有密切关系。流体压力状态和热场及地势差的组合决定了压性构造环境流体以向上运动为主,如造山型成矿系统,而张性构造环境流体以对流为主,如VMS和SEDEX成矿系统。造山作用造成的地势差及水平挤压作用所产生的超压可以驱动流体侧向迁移数百公里,如MVT成矿系统。但是,具体的成矿流体动力学过程比较复杂,且随构造演化而变化。在经历过多个大地构造演化阶段的地区,如地洼区,老的成矿流体动力系统不断被新的系统叠加或取代;新的构造单元需要来自地幔的流体源补充才有利于成矿。成矿学研究的是成矿作用与大地构造的关系,而流体动力学系统与大地构造环境密切相关,因此,成矿流体动力学应成为成矿学的一个重要组成部分。     

塔里木盆地东北部中—上奥陶统沉积物源与构造背景相关性分析

基于塔里木盆地库鲁克塔格露头区却尔却克山、元宝山和南雅尔当山中—上奥陶统宏观沉积特征分析,结合钻井、地震资料分析,对盆地东北部巨厚的中—上奥陶统碎屑岩沉积物源及其构造背景相关性进行了探讨。中—上奥陶统却尔却克组发育复理石建造,综合重矿物组合、矿物成熟度参数、砂岩主、微量元素、稀土元素和阴极发光等提供的物源信息,反映物源区主要为大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘构造背景。却尔却克组沉积早期物源区主要来自北部古陆,主要为酸性花岗岩类和变质岩类,却尔却克组沉积中后期,除来自北部的物源外,还有来自东南部阿尔金造山带的火山碎屑物质的加入。中—上奥陶统沉积物源分析为塔里木盆地东北部地区中晚奥陶世构造隆升与沉积充填关系研究提供重要依据。     

羌塘角木日地区中二叠统龙格组泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩物源分析对揭示盆地物质组成、储集岩性质及古环境恢复等研究具有重要指示意义。文中对藏北羌塘盆地角木日地区中二叠统龙格组的钙质泥岩样品进行了微量元素地球化学测试分析,系统地研究了微量元素含量、特征比值及稀土元素配分方式。结果表明研究区龙格组钙质泥岩样品具有中等轻稀土元素分异((La/Sm)N=2.50~5.41),重稀土元素比较平坦((Gd/Yb)N=1.32~2.47),具有微弱的Eu负异常;Sr/Ba,V/Cr,Ni/Co,Ceanom及δEu等相关参数综合显示,研究区中二叠纪时期整体表现为海相氧化环境;样品Rb/Sr比值及La/Th-Hf,La/Sc-Co/Th,Th/Sc-Zr/Sc关系图解综合说明龙格组钙质泥岩物源区风化作用较弱,源岩主要为安山岩;通过对沉积岩La/Sc-Ti/Zr,La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10等构造环境判别图解分析,综合表明区钙质泥岩物源区的构造背景主要为大洋岛弧型。