Seiches induced by storms in the English Channel

Investigation of an extreme storm surge event revealed the presence of an oscillation in sea level with a period of 2-6 h. The English Channel is well known for its quarter- and sixth-diurnal tides, and it was expected that these oscillations were simply the result of tide-surge interactions. However, results of model experiments permitted the reproduction of oscillations from wind forcing alone. The forcing used was from an extreme wind event in December 1989. In this article we describe these oscillations, and in particular their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the dominant response is a transverse mode of the English Channel, with minimum amplitude in the central Channel and maximum amplitude in the Baie de Seine and the Golfe de St Malo.     

Annual budget of benthic production in Mont Saint-Michel Bay considering cloudiness,microphytobenthos migration,and variability of respiration rates with tidal conditions

In order to provide an accurate annual rate of net benthic community production, community photosynthetic response to incident irradiance and respiration were measured at different times of the year, at mid-tide level on the muddiest part of the Mont Saint-Michel Bay. As the water turbidity prevented any photosynthesis by the microphytobenthos during immersion periods, primary production was measured only during emersion periods. In contrast respiration was expected to vary according to the tidal cycle and was measured during both emersion and immersion periods. Primary production and respiration rates under emersion were assessed using in situ infra-red gas analysis of CO₂ exchange measured in a benthic chamber. Respiration rates under immersion were assessed through total CO₂ concentration variations in incubated cores.     

Modelling larval dispersal and settlement of the reef-building polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: Role of hydroclimatic processes on the sustainability of biogenic reefs

The honeycomb worm Sabellaria alveolata forms biogenic reefs which constitute diversity hotspots on tidal flats. The largest known reefs in Europe, located in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (English Channel), are suffering increasing anthropogenic disturbances which raise the question of their sustainability. As the ability to recover depends partly on the recolonization of damaged reefs by larval supply, evaluating larval dispersal and the connectivity between distant reefs is a major challenge for their conservation. In the present study, we used a 3D biophysical model to simulate larval dispersal under realistic hydroclimatic conditions and estimate larval retention and exchanges among the two reefs of different sizes within the bay. The model takes into account fine-scale hydrodynamic circulation (800×800 m²), advection–diffusion larval transport, and gregarious settlement behaviour. According to the field data, larval dispersal was simulated for a minimal planktonic larval duration ranging from 4 to 8 weeks and the larval mortality was set to 0.09 d⁻¹. The results highlighted the role played by a coastal eddy on larval retention within the bay, as suggested by previous in situ observations. Very different dispersal patterns were revealed depending on the spawning reef location, although the two reefs were located only 15 km apart. The settlement success of the larvae released from the smallest reef was mainly related to tidal conditions at spawning, with the highest settlement success for releases at neap tide. The settlement success of the larvae from the biggest reef was more dependent on meteorological conditions: favourable W and SW winds may promote a ten-fold increase in settlement success. Strong year-to-year variability was observed in settlers’ numbers, with favourable environmental windows not always coinciding with the main reproductive periods of Sabellaria. Settlement kinetics indicated that the ability to delay metamorphosis could significantly improve the settlement success. Although bidirectional exchanges occurred between the two reefs, the highest settlers’ numbers originated from the biggest reef because of its stronger reproductive output. Because of the recent decline of this reef due to increasing anthropogenic disturbances larval supply in the bay may not be sufficient enough to ensure the sustainability of the remarkable habitat formed by Sabellaria alveolata reefs.     

Consequences of spring phytodetritus sedimentation on the benthic compartment along a depth gradient in the Eastern English Channel

Phaeocystis blooms are of major importance in the Eastern English Channel, where they significantly contribute to spring organic matter input with chlorophyll concentrations commonly higher than 30 microgl(-1) in the water column. Post-bloom deposition of Phaeocystis derived mucilaginous compounds has been shown to have a major importance on benthic intertidal systems, but resulting mineralization processes and consequences on the macrobenthic compartment remain poorly documented in subtidal areas. In this frame, a study was performed along the French coast of the English Channel to quantify mineralization processes, as well as potential consequences on subtidal sediments, especially their geochemistry and associated macrofaunal communities. Seven stations were studied along a depth gradient during four cruises: before (March), during (April, May) and after (June) the spring bloom. Sediment characteristics and organic carbon content were described, as well as sediment-water fluxes of oxygen and ammonium. Macrofaunal characteristics were also analyzed. Stations were chosen as representative of the various benthic communities present in the area, which are directly linked to the granulometric characteristics of the sediments. To account for the general functioning of the water column, characterized by a coastal flow where higher concentrations of Phaeocystis are generally recorded, similar communities were sampled inshore and offshore, when possible: (i) the Abra alba community located only close to the coast, (ii) the Ophelia borealis community located inshore and offshore, and (iii) the Amphioxus lanceolatus community located inshore and offshore. Generally, low exchange rates of oxygen and ammonium were measured (respectively, in the range 50-150 micromol O2 m(-2)h(-1) and -25 to 35 micromol NH4+ m(-2)h(-1)) between the water column and the muddy-sand to coarse sand permeable sediments, as a consequence of the low organic carbon content due to the high hydrodynamic forcing. As a consequence of organic matter accumulation in surficial sediments probably resulting from Phaeocystis post-bloom deposition, an increase of sediment oxygen demand and ammonium release was clearly evidenced up to 660 micromol O2 m(-2)h(-1) and 205 micromol NH4+ m(-2)h(-1) in May, only in stations located close to the coast (<8 kms), in the A. alba community. Despite those significant biogeochemical changes in surficial sediments, no significant consequence was pointed out on macrofauna, neither in the O. borealis and A. lanceolatus communities, nor in the coastal A. alba community. Most of the temporal variations recorded might be attributed to the common spring population dynamics, but this study highlights the potential use of geochemical parameters as a forewarning signal of benthic disequilibrium.     

语境、修辞与高级英语教学

英语专业高年级学生掌握语言学修辞知识、语境知识,对理解课文内容及内涵具有重要的作用。教师应变传统的"表面释义型"教学模式为"深层理解型"教学模式,通过相关修辞学、语境学的知识传授,引导学生挖掘、领略名家作品之丰富内涵,真正达到强化教学效果,提高学生运用语言能力的目的。     

鱼类口服疫苗的研究进展

口服免疫是通过胃肠粘膜系统进行抗原呈递.较传统的注射和浸浴免疫简易便捷.是更为理想的免疫途径。一般认为鱼的后肠是摄取抗原的主要部位,口服疫苗引起的免疫应答以粘膜免疫为主.系统免疫应答并不是很强。在口服疫苗的研制过程中,出现了各种问题.使得这种疫苗迄今无法问世。本文围绕鱼类口服免疫的意义.作用机理以及口服疫苗的研究现状作一综述.     

Remapping heritage and the garden suburb: Haberfield's civic ecologies

ABSTRACT

Gardens in Australia are considered an important site of heritage maintenance and negotiation for their capacity to materialise transformations in everyday life, design, lifestyles, demographics, environment, as well as social and cultural practices. In the case of conservation areas, gardens tend to be valued in terms of their closeness and potential to preserve specific historical elements. Plants in these gardens are cultivated to evoke period designs, such as Federation (c.1890–1915) and cottage gardens. In this article we turn to gardens and gardening to make sense of entanglements between cultural, historical and environmental elements, and we ask: what role do plants play in shaping our understanding of suburban heritage? To answer this question, we draw on oral histories, archival research and ethnography in Haberfield, the first model garden suburb in Australia. We show how plants channel and mediate multiple concerns that contest and extend ideas of heritage circulating in public discourse. Foregrounding the centrality of plants, this article contributes a dynamic definition of heritage that includes the entanglement of environmental stewardship and individual and collective heritage.     

“测绘工程专业英语”课程的教学改革探讨

专业英语是在高等教育中继公共英语课程之后,将专业技术与英语知识紧密结合的一门交叉性课程。该课程旨在增加学生的专业词汇量和阅读量,提高学生专业论文或资料的阅读和听力能力,强化训练学生专业知识的英语表达能力,为将来学生的升学或就业打下基础。本文结合教学实践,总结了当前测绘工程专业英语课程中存在的问题,如教学内容陈旧、教材滞后、教学方法单一等,提出了更新教学内容、设置多样化的教学环节、充分利用自媒体和多媒体等一系列具体改革措施,将其应用于教学实践中,可改善教学效果,提高教学质量。     

四磨汤口服液SD大鼠长期毒性实验研究

目的：观察SD大鼠灌胃四磨汤口服液的长期毒性反应。方法：将120只SD大鼠随机分为四磨汤口服液高、中、低3 个剂量组和辅料对照组,连续灌胃给药13周,恢复期4周,观察各组大鼠实验过程中症状发生情况、体质量、血细胞计数[包括白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）]、血液生化指标[包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、白蛋白/球蛋白（A/G）、直接胆红素（TBil）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cre）、总胆固醇（CHO）、三酰甘油（TG）]的变化,并观察停药后各指标的恢复情况。结果：四磨汤口服液高、中、低剂量组实验期间均未出现异常症状。与同期同性别辅料对照组相比,末次给药后次日高剂量组雌性大鼠RBC和HGB指标降低（P<0.05）,其他指标和时间点差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。由于RBC和HGB变化幅度较小,均在正常参考值范围内波动,其他红细胞相关指标也未见异常改变,故认为该变化无重要的毒理学意义。各剂量组雄性大鼠血细胞计数指标均未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）。与同期同性别辅料对照组相比,末次给药后次日,高剂量组雄性大鼠BUN、雌性大鼠Cre降低,雄性大鼠CHO升高;与同期同性别辅料对照组相比,末次给药后次日,中剂量组雄性大鼠CHO升高;恢复期结束后,雄性大鼠TBil升高;与辅料对照组相比,恢复期结束后,雌性动物TG降低;上述指标差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。以上指标中,CHO、TBil的升高未见明显的剂量-反应关系,且在正常参考值范围内波动,认为无重要的毒理学意义。BUN、Cre、TG的降低无重要的毒理学意义。结论：本实验未见明显不良反应的剂量为45 g/kg,表明四磨汤口服液安全性高。