台阶(断层)模型重力异常正演计算的一种新算法

传统的台阶模型重力异常正演公式会随着台阶倾斜面与水平面夹角的变化而产生畸变现象。为克服这一局限性,在前人推导台阶模型重力异常正演表达式的基础上,重新对台阶模型重力异常正演公式进行了理论推导,得出全新的台阶模型重力异常正演公式,并证明传统公式仅为新公式的特殊情况。模型实验证明新的正演公式有效克服了传统正演公式产生畸变的问题。     

武汉地铁4号线越江盾构隧道汛期形变规律分析

本文以武汉地铁4号线越江隧道2020年汛期加密监测为工程背景,通过应用三维激光盾构结构测量的逐环监测数据分析了越江隧道全区间逐环监测数据并确定重点监测区间。利用重点监测区间3次逐环加密监测数据分析了由于长江水位持续上升引起的收敛变化趋势,并结合人工监测点位的分布和数据特征以说明传统人工监测盲区多,在关注绝对位置变化的同时忽略了隧道结构形态相对变化。越江隧道所处的地理、地质环境复杂,汛期的三维激光逐环监测为隧道安全运营提供了有效的保障基础。     

一种任意简单多边形求差算法

提出一种基于线段操作的简单多边形求差算法。该算法的主要过程为:应用基于单调链的扫描线求交算法,求取交点,该过程减少了求交过程中的比较次数,从而提高了求交效率。基于线段操作的结果多边形连接算法,该过程利用基础的计算几何理论,寻找构成结果多边形的边,得到两个多边形的差。实验表明该算法思路简单,数据结构简单,易于编程实现,对于简单多边形求差问题具有普适性。     

水库联合运行对库下汛期河道过水断面形态参数变化率的影响——以黄河内蒙古河段为例

水库联合运行对于库下河道的影响是河流地貌学近年来的热点问题,如何定量表征河道的因应调整则是其难点所在。基于同水位河道过水断面形态参数变化率分析方法,针对黄河内蒙古河段磴口、巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐4个水文站,利用刘家峡水库、龙羊峡水库联合运行之前的1978-1982年、之后的2008-2012年汛期前后实测断面资料,计算了相应年份上述各站同水位下的河道断面面积、水面宽、平均水深等特征参数在经历汛期冲刷后的变化率。结果表明,每年在经历汛期洪水冲刷之后,上述形态参数总体上以增大为主,变化率为正值;大型水库联合运行之前与之后的两个时期相比,同水位下河道断面面积、水面宽和平均水深的变化率分别减小了3.4、3.5和2.8倍。过水断面形态参数的沿程空间变化也由之前的上凸形曲线变为之后增减相间的"S"形曲线。其原因在于,大型水库联合运行削减了洪峰流量、降低了汛期最大流速,从而导致洪水造床能力显著变弱,河道断面形态参数的变化率因之显著减小。大型水库联合运行使黄河内蒙古河道明显萎缩,这不利于可能遭遇的极端大洪水的安全行洪,因此,需要合理利用这些水库的调节功能,有效控制汛期总水沙量和洪峰流量,避免因过度调节而使河道持续萎缩,为可能出现的极端大洪水的安全行洪创造条件。     

解决土地碎片化的制度框架设计

为解决土地碎片化问题,采用文献统计和比较分析等研究方法,在对土地碎片化现状、原因与问题分析的基础上,通过总结国内外实践经验,提出了解决土地碎片化的制度框架。研究结果表明,土地碎片化的产生既有自然原因也有制度原因,所带来的问题主要包括:1田埂面积多而导致的耕地资源浪费;2地界纠纷多而导致新技术新产品难以推广;3谈判成本高导致农地资源无法合理进行配置;4机械水平低导致劳动生产率、土地生产率和成本产值率也随之下降等。必须要通过明晰产权关系、构建市场平台、创建新型农业经营体系、推广"良田良种良法"等政策措施来逐步破解中国土地碎片化难题。     

海洋调查船业务化运行保障关键技术进展

海洋科学的发展和海洋战略重要性的日益凸显对海洋调查船的业务化运行提出了新的要求。从国内外海洋调查船运行和关键技术两方面的发展现状和趋势出发,提出了我国"十三五"期间海洋调查船业务化运行保障关键技术的发展建议。为解决海洋调查船需求不断增大与船舶建造运行成本限制的矛盾,世界各主要海洋国家均采取措施提高调查船的使用效率,组建海洋调查船队,实行船时统一调配。另一方面,多学科多任务的海洋调查方式的发展,以及新型调查观测设备的应用,促使调查船运行保障关键技术趋向于普适性和更强的现场支持功能。据此,在我国海洋调查船业务化运行发展原则、关键技术发展方向等方面提出了建议。     

基于插件技术的双船实时状态观测系统设计与实现

在双船地震勘探中,双船间距控制及电缆形态实时显示是十分重要的。文中详细介绍了双船实时状态观测系统的方法基础和实现过程。在研究了大椭圆航法的大地主题反解模型的基础上,建立了双船距离控制预警模型。系统采用插件技术进行框架设计,基于.NET Framework、Arc GIS Engine SDK平台,并通过插件接口定制、插件动态加载及插件消息传递等机制实现了工程管理、设备管理、测线管理、双船监控、设置、常用工具、模式、视图8个功能模块。视图部分可设置正常视图、偏移视图、电缆视图、距离监控视图、主副船监控视图、主副船文本视图6个显示视图。海试表明系统能够对双船间距进行有效控制和对电缆形态进行实时显示,并能够长时间稳定运行,极大提高了地震勘探数据采集的质量和精度。     

全耦合S型铺管动力定位时域分析

为研究S型铺管船铺管工况下的动力定位系统性能,进行了船体-托管架-管道的耦合作用下的动力定位模拟。采用广义弹性面接触法模拟托管架上托辊,莫里森杆构建托管架模型,集中质量法计算管道受力,并应用PID和Kalman滤波相结合的控制系统和序列二次规划法进行分配的推力系统,进行了全耦合S型铺管动力定位时域分析;研究了船体波频运动对于管道-托管架耦合作用力和动力定位系统的影响;比较分析了铺管工况和非铺管工况下的定位精度影响;同时应用API规范对管道应力进行校核,验证了该耦合模拟的正确性。结果表明,垂荡和艏摇对于管道-托管架-船体之间的耦合作用力对动力定位系统影响很大,在动力定位系统设计时,需要着重考虑。减小纵摇和迎浪铺管是使铺管作业和动力定位系统安全有效的重要方法。     

Using a hybrid genetic algorithm–simulated annealing algorithm for fuzzy programming of reservoir operation

We present a novel approach for optimizing reservoir operation through fuzzy programming and a hybrid evolution algorithm, i.e. genetic algorithm (GA) with simulated annealing (SA). In the analysis, objectives and constraints of reservoir operation are transformed by fuzzy programming for searching the optimal degree of satisfaction. In the hybrid search procedure, the GA provides a global search and the SA algorithm provides local search. This approach was investigated to search the optimizing operation scheme of Shihmen Reservoir in Taiwan. Monthly inflow data for three years reflecting different hydrological conditions and a consecutive 10‐year period were used. Comparisons were made with the existing M‐5 reservoir operation rules. The results demonstrate that: (1) fuzzy programming could effectively formulate the reservoir operation scheme into degree of satisfaction α among the users and constraints; (2) the hybrid GA‐SA performed much better than the current M‐5 operating rules. Analysis also found the hybrid GA‐SA conducts parallel analyses that increase the probability of finding an optimal solution while reducing computation time for reservoir operation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fifteen-stage operation of gated spillways for flood routing management through artificial reservoirs

Abstract

A procedure to identify sets of operational rules for gated spillways for optimal flood routing management of artificial reservoirs is proposed. The flood retention storage of a dam having a gated flood spillway is divided into 15 sub-storages whose surface elevations are identified as critical levels. The most suitable operation set for the downstream conditions and for the dam can be chosen from many derived operation sets. The spillway gates are operated in an optimum way for any floods from very small magnitudes to the probable maximum flood (PMF), without having to forecast the actual magnitude of the incoming flood hydrograph. Decision floods are formed by dividing the PMF into 15 sub-hydrographs by 5 and 10% increments in the ranges 5–50% and 50–100% of the PMF, respectively. Many potential spillway gate openings from closed to fully open are chosen initially. As a result of a series of routing simulations of 15 decision floods, a set of 15 gate openings is determined such that all floods from very small magnitudes to the PMF may be routed without overtopping the dam crest. Next, a few more 15-stage operation rules are determined such that the gate openings of the initial stages are decreased as their critical levels are increased stepwise, with the objective of attenuating smaller floods more effectively and releasing higher outflows for larger floods close to and including the PMF. The developed model is applied to the Catalan and Aslantas dams in Turkey, both of which serve for flood mitigation as well as hydropower generation.

Citation Haktanir, T., Citakoglu, H., and Acanal, N., 2013. Fifteen-stage operation of gated spillways for flood routing management through artificial reservoirs. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1013–1031.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor A. Montanari