旅游年票推行的市场化及其发展策略研究——以“陕西旅游年票”为例

从旅游年票推出的社会背景入手,在肯定其取得良好的社会效益与经济效益的同时,指出旅游年票推行的实质是一种以较低价格来进行的组合式捆绑销售的旅游营销新模式.以"陕西旅游年票"为例,探讨了旅游年票市场化运行的必要性及其不同阶段的发展模式,进而提出完善旅游年票推行的若干时策,以期对我国旅游年票的推行起到一定的示范作用.     

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件

数字化地震前兆台网日常工作管理软件是天津市地震局区域前兆中心和台站日常工作核心软件之一.首先分析了软件的层次结构及数据流程,然后从台站应用模块、文件汇集、数据检索、数据入库、文件分级保存、日志管理、数据绘图、数据质量监控、数据库管理维护、数据报表、数据报送共11个方面介绍了软件的功能及特点,并对软件研制采用的关键技术、应用情况予以阐述说明.该软件的应用,提高了工作效率,规范了前兆台网的日常管理工作.     

锦州台电离层斜向探测系统运行概况及故障排除

锦州地震台的电离层斜向探测系统于2009年4月安装并运行,是首都圈地震电离层前兆监测试验网探测站全国20个站点之一。辽宁地区共有三个电离层斜测站,本文主要对锦州台电离层斜向探测系统四年多以来的运行情况及发生故障后的解决方法进行总结。     

祁连山区1997-2004年积雪面积和雪线高度变化分析

利用1997-2004年5～8月的NOAA-AVHRR和EOS-MODIS卫星资料、周遍气象台站气象数据、人工增雨雪等相关资料,对河西内陆河流域上游的祁连山区积雪、冰川的光谱特征进行了判识,并分析了积雪面积和雪线高度变化.结果表明:6～8月祁连山西、中、东部的积雪面积都呈下降趋势,5月积雪面积有所升高;雪线高度处的气温在5月为降低趋势,6月和8月略有升高,7月升高最快;5～8月随时间的变化,祁连山区累计降水量都呈现出不同程度的增加;祁连山西、中部积雪面积和雪线高度随降水和气温的变化有明显的响应,并且中部较西部明显.人工增雪作业对祁连山雪消融具有缓冲作用.     

西太平洋深海科学观测网的建设和运行

西太平洋科学观测网是由中国科学院海洋研究所自主建成的大洋观测网络。深海数据的连续获取和实时传输对海洋与气候预报和海洋环境安全保障意义重大,世界海洋大国纷纷致力于其关键技术和系统集成的攻关。在中科院战略性先导科技专项的资助下,中科院海洋所经过统筹安排和周密部署,3年多来先后组织西太平洋综合考察航次3次,成功布放和回收深海潜标73套次,建成了由16套深海潜标组成的我国西太平洋科学观测网并实现稳定运行,获取西太平洋代表性海域连续3年的温度、盐度和洋流等数据。在2016年航次中,中国科学院又攻克了潜标数据长周期稳定实时传输的海洋观测难题,实现了深海数据的"现场直播",截至2017年9月,深海数据已成功连续实时回传260余天。以此为标志,我国的大洋科学观测网建设实现了批量化、标准化和常态化。深海观测数据的长时间连续积累和实时化传输,将提升我国深海科学研究能力,加速我国海洋与气候预报业务系统建设步伐,满足海洋强国建设、"一带一路"倡议对海洋环境安全保障的重大需求。"十三五"时期,我国正全面推进深海进入、深海探测和深海开发的深海战略,深海科学观测网建设技术和潜标数据实时传输技术对我国深海探测能力的提升意义重大。     

地理信息中心存储网络运维管理系统研究与应用

随着信息技术的飞速发展,地理信息数据量不断增长,应用不断深入,对作为数据承载主体的存储网络的运维管理提出了严峻挑战。通过分析地理信息中心存储网络的基本特点与实际需求,依托SMI-S等协议,设计一套能够对异构存储网络进行自动化和集中化监控的软件系统,为设备排障、配置优化等工作提供准确的数据依据,以保障存储网络设备的稳定运行。     

The hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake during the initial period of Three Gorges Project operation

Based on the measured hydrological data from 1951 to 2008, the chain hydrological effect between Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake is analyzed by comparative method after the Three Gorges Project operation. The result indicates that 1) the scouring amount in Jingjiang River made up 78.9% of the total from Yichang to Chenglingji, and its average scouring intensity was higher than the latter; 2) the water and sand diversion rates at the three outlets of the Jingjiang River were reduced by 2.33% and 2.78% separately; 3) the proportion of multi-year average runoff and sediment through the three outlets in the total into the Dongting Lake decreased by 7.7% and 24.4% respectively; 4) in Dongting Lake, the speed of sediment accumulation was lowered by 26.7%, in flood season, the runoff amount was 20.2% less than the multi-year average value, leading to seasonal scarcity of water year by year. The former prolonged the lake life, while the latter induced droughts in summer and fall in successive years, shortage of drinking and industrial water, shipping insecurity, as well as ecological problems such as decrease of birds and quick increase of Microtus fortis; 5) The multi-year average values of sediment and flood transporting capacity at the lake outlet were respectively increased by 26.6% and 3.7%, the embankments were protected effectively. Then, to adapt to the new change of the river-lake relation, some suggestions were put forward, such as optimizing further operation program of the Three Gorges Reservoir, reexamining the idea of river and lake regulation, and maintaining connection of the river and the lake.     

Effect of Different Factors on Nitrogen Removal Rate in Constructed Wetlands

Factors affecting total nitrogen (TN) removal rates in constructed wetland were investigated by intermittent operation in the subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetland system.The results demonstrated that removal rates of TN increased with the rising of TN pollution load (1.40-12.40 g/m2) when the retention time was determined by 60% TN Phragmites australis-soil-slag system.TN removal rates were affected by total phosphorus load in case of higher TN load.TN removal rates in SSF Phragmites australis wetlands were greater than that in SSF Calamagrostis angnstifolia wetlands at the same experimental cycle.Effect of wetland substrates on TN removal rates varied with the pollutants loading in SSF constructed wetland system,plant species and plant-growing period.     

基于多目标遗传算法的巨型水库群发电优化调度

低碳时代,水电作为清洁可再生能源,节能发电调度为梯级水电联合调度运行带来了难得的历史机遇,如何有效地开展梯级水库群优化调度,充分合理利用水能资源,是流域梯级电站管理迫切需要解决的问题。文章在对清江梯级与三峡梯级径流特征分析的基础上,建立了以水库群整体发电量最大和弃能最小为目标的梯级调度模型。根据电力系统对三峡、葛洲坝、水布垭、隔河岩、高坝洲水电站的要求,用1951—2002年的月径流资料和典型年的日径流资料进行长期和短期优化调度,采用多目标遗传算法得到清江3个电站、三峡-葛洲坝2电站单独运行和联合优化调度发电指标,5库联合优化调度系统多年平均发电量增加约21亿kW.h;短期(日)优化调度较长期(月时间尺度)优化调度发电效益有进一步提升,增发电量约9.68亿kW.h。研究表明,充分利用清江和三峡梯级实际运行位置相近、水力联系紧密、互补性强的特点,统一安排电站机组运行模式,合理分配机组出力,可在来水量相同的条件下获得更大的效益。     

浅析含硫化氢地质环境对钻井作业的影响

在高含硫地质环境钻井作业中,硫化氢溢流给安全钻井带来极大的挑战。本文介绍了硫化氢的成因以及含硫地质环境的特点,并重点对含硫化氢地质环境对钻井作业的影响进行了分析和研究。