海洋环境污染生物修复技术研究

全球范围内的海洋生态环境恶化,不仅危及海洋经济发展,而且已影响到了人类生存环境和健康。本文根据我国近海海洋环境质量现状,探讨了生物修复技术在海洋环境污染治理中的应用,并提出了工程海藻培育技术研究的有关建议,以期为海洋环境的保护及资源的可持续开发提供新的方法和技术。     

海洋工程污染分类研究

给出海洋工程的概念和定义,对海洋工程污染的分类和研究现状进行了讨论。从海洋工程污染的工程特征要素、污染特征要素、程度要素和管理要素进行了分类研究,认为海洋工程污染的分类,可按其工程特征要素,对其进行离海岸的远近、离海底的高度、使用材质、移动与否等分类;可按其工程污染要素,对其进行化学污染、物理污染、生物损害、地质损害与污染等分类;可按其工程污染影响的深度特征要素,对其进行重度影响、中度影响和轻度影响分类;可按其工程污染的管理角度,对其进行海洋工程和海岸工程的分类。     

正理庄高89-1区块CO2混相驱参数优化数值模拟研究

为了确保高89-1区块CO2混相驱项目的顺利实施,依据该区块的精细油藏描述成果,在优化适于CO2混相驱模型基础上,建立了符合油藏地质特点的三维地质模型。在此基础上对开发指标进行计算,对五个参数（井网、开发方式、压力水平、注入量和采油速度）进行优化,并提出了推荐方案,预测采收率可达23.10%,比弹性开采方式提高15.16%。     

提高机采水平的配套技术及应用

随着濮城油田的持续性高速开发,油田综合含水逐渐上升,油水井井况进一步恶化,作为油田生产主体的机械采油井躺井频繁、管杆泵使用寿命缩短。近几年中原油田采油二厂濮城油田年平均躺井数达560井次之多,导致机械采油井维护费用增加,管杆泵投入增大,严重制约着油田的生产和经营。通过加缓蚀剂在油管内壁形成保护油膜,起到润滑作用;应用特殊抽油杆防腐止磨;应用尼龙扶正器对抽油杆体扶正,避免了钢体与钢体的硬磨;应用旋转井口通过地面人力转动改变油管与抽油杆的偏磨面;配合合理生产参数;各种配套技术的合理应用,使濮城油田躺井减少,避免了频繁作业,增加长寿井,管杆泵投入节约了19.3%。     

BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments and core sediments of the Shenzhen Bay in Guangdong Province, China

The concentration of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper was measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of all metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. Cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the near shore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou area is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in Shenzhenhe Estuary according to ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediments size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments in Shenzhen Bay.     

Estimating the economic impact of the Prestige oil spill on the Death Coast (NW Spain) fisheries

This paper presents an estimation of the economic effects of the Prestige oil spill in Galicia, focusing on the Death Coast fisheries and using fish landings as a market technique. Examining the evolution of landings in the Death Coast before and after the accident, the analysis reveals two opposing trends, with landings of some species increasing and those of other species diminishing.     

Distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay,Bohai Sea (China)

The levels of 19 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), pore water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay (Bohai Sea) in northeast China were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution risks. The total OCPs concentrations in the aqueous phase, SPM, pore water and sediments were 3.7–30.1 ng l⁻¹, 4.6–52.6 ng l⁻¹, 157–830 ng l⁻¹ and 2.1–21.3 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs, in the Daliao River estuary, are in the mid-range, as compared to those reported in other estuaries worldwide. The distribution of HCHs and DDTs were different indicating different contamination sources. Lindane is the main type of HCH and continuing use in northeast China of ‘pure’ HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH accounts for the source. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDT in the samples indicate no recent inputs of these chemicals to the estuary.     

用于养殖环境调控的微生物制剂评价方法的研究

为尝试建立对不同微生物制剂产品的客观评价方法体系,选择5种商品化复合微生物制剂,进行了菌数和主要组成种类等测定,并利用天然或人工模拟的养殖污水进行了不同微生物制剂对氨氮、亚硝酸态氮、COD等降解效果的比较,以及微生物制剂活化增效后的效果比较等.结果表明,不同的商业化复合微生物制剂在有益菌含量和水质污染降解效果方面存在较大差异.另外,微生物制剂在海水和淡水中以及是否经过活化,效果也存在较大差异.     

罗源湾船舶溢油风险评价分析

基于罗源湾远期油轮的发展预测,运用概率与数理统计方法计算出罗源湾海域未来 S 年中发生船舶溢油事故的概率基础值为 0.361×10-4/S,进而对罗源湾船舶溢油风险进行预测评价,结果显示:罗源湾海域船舶溢油概率约为每 10 a 一次,每次产生的溢油量约为 57.3 t 原油,经过一个潮周期,油膜面积理论估算值为 0.64 km2.针对罗源湾海域的实际情况,还提出了相应的风险防范措施.