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21.
Ayman F. Habib Ana Paula Kersting Ki-In Bang Ruifang Zhai Mohannad Al-Durgham 《The Photogrammetric Record》2009,24(126):171-195
Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data. 相似文献
22.
工作波长为532 nm的机载大气环境探测激光雷达AEDAL(Atmospheric Environment Detecting Airborne Lidar)装载在CMS_3807飞机上,于2005年11月7~11日期间在青岛地区及周边海域上空进行了飞行探测.此次实验的目的有两个:验证我国用于大气环境探测的激光雷达技术已经具备从地基向空基乃至天基发展的条件;获得青岛地区及周边海域边界层结构及大气气溶胶时空分布变化的特点.激光雷达的高时空分辨率为获取飞行路径上的边界层结构及气溶胶时空分布提供了可能.为了研究下垫面对边界层及气溶胶时空分布的影响,预定的飞行路径上包含了丰富的地形变化,有城市、丘陵、海区等.通过给出11月8日及11日的探测结果,不仅得到了不同地区边界层结构及气溶胶的时空分布特点,还可以看到冷锋、地形、地面气象场等因素对它们的影响. 相似文献
23.
Ronald G. Prinn 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,6(3):281-298
An examination of typical tropospheric ozone variability on daily, monthly, annual and interannual timescales and instrumental precision indicates that the current ozonesonde network is insufficient to detect a trend in tropospheric ozone of 1% per year at the 2 level even at stations with records a decade in length. From a trend prediction analysis we conclude that in order to detect a 1% per year trend in a decade or less it will be necessary to decrease the time between observations from its present value of 3–7 days to 1 day or less. The spatial distribution of the current ozonesonde stations is also inadequate for determining the global climatology of ozone. We present a quantitative theory taking into account photochemistry, surface deposition, and wind climatology to define the effectively sampled region for an observing station which, used in conjunction with the instrumental precision and the above prediction analysis, forms the basis for defining a suitable global network for determining regional and global ozone climatology and trends. At least a doubling of the present number of stations is necessary, and the oceans, most of Asia, Africa, and South America are areas where more stations are most needed. Differential absorption lidar ozone instruments have the potential for far more frequent measurements of ozone vertical profiles and hence potentially more accurate climatology and trend determinations than feasible with ozonesondes but may produce a (fair weather) biased data set above the cloud base. A strategy for cloudy regions in which either each station utilizes both lidars and sondes or each station is in fact a doublet comprised of a near-sea-level lidar and a proximal-mountain-top lidar could serve to minimize this bias. 相似文献
24.
Unified Approach to Photon-Counting Microlaser Rangers, Transponders, and Altimeters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John J. Degnan 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(5-6):431-447
Unlike current manned systems, NASA's next generation SLR2000 Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) station is fully autonomous, eye-safe, relatively compact and inexpensive, and, during daytime tracking, operates at signal-to-noise ratios several orders of magnitude below unity. Tiny, passivelyQ-switched microlasers generate ultra-short pulses with output energies on the order of 100 J at few kHz rates to achieve mm-levelranging precision to satellite altitudesof 20,000 km. Special ranging receivers, combined with Poisson statistical analysis of the received photon distribution, enable the system to rapidly and reliably identify and extract the single photon laser echoes from the solar background. The enhanced rate of return, combined with a uniform signal strength, can actually drive down both systematic and random range errors. The new SLR2000 technology has already spawned exciting new applications. Compact microlaser altimeters, capable of mapping the surface of a planet or other celestial body at multikilohertz rates, is one such application, and a high altitude, airborne version is currently being developed under NASA's Instrument Incubator Program. Interplanetary microlaser transponders would be capable of performing decimeter ranging or subnanosecond time transfer to spacecraft throughout the inner Solar System, resulting in improved knowledge of planetary motions and librations and enhanced General Relativity experiments. 相似文献
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介绍了太空垃圾监测及清除工作现状,分析了现有监测太空垃圾的雷达技术、激光技术及激光雷达技术的可行性,以STK软件模拟分析太空垃圾运动轨迹,得出了太空垃圾实时监测系统的可实现方法和建议。 相似文献
29.
Fabien Gibert Juan Cuesta Jun-Ichi Yano Nicolas Arnault Pierre H. Flamant 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(3):553-573
We question the correlation between vertical velocity (w) on the one hand and the occurrence of convective plumes in lidar reflectivity (i.e. range corrected backscatter signal Pz
2) and depolarization ratio (Δ) on the other hand in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Thermal vertical motion is directly
investigated using vertical velocities measured by a ground-based Doppler lidar operating at 2 μm. This lidar provides also
simultaneous measurements of lidar reflectivity. In addition, a second lidar 200 m away provides reflectivities at 0.53 and
1 μm and depolarization ratio at 0.53 μm. The time series from the two lidars are analyzed in terms of linear correlation
coefficient (ρ). The main result is that the plume-like structures provided by lidar reflectivity within the CBL as well as the CBL height
are not a clear signature of updrafts. It is shown that the lidar reflectivity within the CBL is frequently anti-correlated
(ρ (w, Pz
2 )) with the vertical velocity. On the contrary, the correlation coefficient between the depolarization ratio and the vertical
velocity ρ (w, Δ ) is always positive, showing that the depolarization ratio is a fair tracer of updrafts. The importance of relative humidity
on the correlation coefficient is discussed.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
30.