FLASH MX 在海洋预报网站的应用研究

通过MACROMEDIA STUDIO MX的FLASH MX工具软件的分析和研究,针对海洋领域的相关信息数据的特性,根据相关的海洋监测预报业务的专业需求,在搭建网站平台的同时,探讨了如何深层次地对FLASH MX开发功能的挖掘,在海洋信息应用领域率先提出了在海洋相关业务网站中建立RIA的理念和FLASHWEB的应用案例,继而在对FLASH应用前景的分析研究中也充分表述FLASHWEB在海洋领域的商业利用价值。     

Ocean temperature responses to Typhoon Mstsa in the East China Sea

The MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, with 21 layers in the vertical and （1/8） °horizontal resolution, was employed to investigate the oceanic responses to Typhoon Mstsa which traversed the East China Sea （ECS） during the period of 4 - 6 August, 2005. Numerical experiment results are analyzed and compared with observation. The responses of the sea surface temperature （SST）, in a focused area of （27° -29°N, 121° - 124°E）, include heating and cooling stages. The heating is mainly due to warm Kuroshio water transportation and downwelling due to the water accumulation. In the cooling stage, the amplitude of the simulated cold wake （ -3℃ ）, located on the right side of this typhoon track, is compared quite well with that of the satellite observed SST data. The wave-induced mixing（Bv） plays a key role for the SST cooling. Bv still plays a leading role, which accounts for 36%, for the ocean temperature drop in the upper ocean of 0 - 40 m, while the upwelling is responsible for 84% of the cooling for the lower layer of 40 - 70 m. The mixed layer depth （MLD） increased quickly from 28 to 50 m in the typhoon period. However, the simulated MLD without the wave-induced vertical mixing, evolution from 13 to 32 m, was seriously underestimated. The surface wave is too important to be ignored for the ocean responses to a typhoon.     

末次冰期以来南海南部千年尺度的古海洋学

对南海南部MD05-2896柱状样22.8 kaBP以来的深海沉积物进行了浮游有孔虫和颗石藻化石定量分析.通过转换函数、特定有孔虫属种含量及比值和颗石藻Florisphaera profunda百分含量等探讨了南海南部海水表层温度、上部水体结构、初级生产力以及碳酸盐溶解作用等变化趋势和周期性.结果表明:18 kaBP以前及10 kaBP以来,海水表层温度较高,碳酸盐溶解作用较强,温跃层营养跃层较深,初级生产力较低.18～10 kaBP冰期时,海水表层温度最低,碳酸盐溶解作用变弱,营养跃层和温跃层变浅,初级生产力较高.频谱分析结果显示,22.8 kaBP以来的气候变化具有明显的周期性,以类D/O事件的千年尺度周期为主,其中最主要的周期为1 500年.     

Stormwater plume detection by MODIS imagery in the southern California coastal ocean

Stormwater plumes in the southern California coastal ocean were detected by MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and compared to ship-based data on surface salinity and fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) counts collected during the Bight'03 Regional Water Quality Program surveys in February–March of 2004 and 2005. MODIS imagery was processed using a combined near-infrared/shortwave-infrared (NIR-SWIR) atmospheric correction method, which substantially improved normalized water-leaving radiation (nLw) optical spectra in coastal waters with high turbidity. Plumes were detected using a minimum-distance supervised classification method based on nLw spectra averaged within the training areas, defined as circular zones of 1.5–5.0-km radii around field stations with a surface salinity of S < 32.0 (“plume”) and S > 33.0 (“ocean”). The plume optical signatures (i.e., the nLw differences between “plume” and “ocean”) were most evident during the first 2 days after the rainstorms. To assess the accuracy of plume detection, stations were classified into “plume” and “ocean” using two criteria: (1) “plume” included the stations with salinity below a certain threshold estimated from the maximum accuracy of plume detection; and (2) FIB counts in “plume” exceeded the California State Water Board standards. The salinity threshold between “plume” and “ocean” was estimated as 32.2. The total accuracy of plume detection in terms of surface salinity was not high (68% on average), seemingly because of imperfect correlation between plume salinity and ocean color. The accuracy of plume detection in terms of FIB exceedances was even lower (64% on average), resulting from low correlation between ocean color and bacterial contamination. Nevertheless, satellite imagery was shown to be a useful tool for the estimation of the extent of potentially polluted plumes, which was hardly achievable by direct sampling methods (in particular, because the grids of ship-based stations covered only small parts of the plumes detected via synoptic MODIS imagery). In most southern California coastal areas, the zones of bacterial contamination were much smaller than the areas of turbid plumes; an exception was the plume of the Tijuana River, where the zone of bacterial contamination was comparable with the zone of plume detected by ocean color.     

Some Unresolved Issues in Ocean Pipes Aspirating Fluid

This paper reviews the dynamics of ocean pipes aspirating fluid and presents a selective review of the research undertaken on it. It focuses on the equations of motion, fluid-solid interaction at the inlet of the free end of the pipe, the stability mechanism of pipes aspirating steady fluid, etc. In particular, some unresolved or partly resolved issues on these important aspects are discussed. Finally, the promising future development in this area is discussed.     

海洋遥感数据缺值对EOF和REOF时空分布分析的影响

本文分别采用经验正交函数EOF和旋转经验正交函数REOF两种方法,对中国海(14°～40°N、105°～132°E)1998年1月～1999年8月之间SeaWiFS归一化离水辐射率Lwn(490nm)数据,进行时空分布分析研究.结果表明:在不同时间区段、不同空间范围,利用EOF和REOF分解得到的典型要素场时空分布存在较小差异,在时间、空间分布上较稳定.同时也说明,被云遮掩的部分遥感数据对EOF和REOF分析结果影响是很小的.     

Comparison of surface wind stress characteristics over the Tropical Atlantic (10°N–40°S) in fields derived from the UWM/COADS, NCEP/NCAR and QuikSCAT datasets

A comparison of monthly wind stress derived from winds of NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis and UWM/COADS (The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee/Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) dataset (1950–1993), and of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and satellite-based QuikSCAT dataset (2000–2006), is made over the South Atlantic (10°N–40°S). On a mean seasonal scale, the comparison shows that these three wind stress datasets have qualitatively similar patterns. Quantitatively, in general, from about the equator to 20°S in the mid-Atlantic the wind stress values are stronger in NCEP/NCAR data than those in UWM/COADS data. On the other hand, in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) area the wind stress values in NCEP/NCAR data are slightly weaker than those in UWM/COADS data. In the South Atlantic, between 20° S–40°S, the QuikSCAT dataset presents complex circulation structures which are not present in NCEP/NCAR and UWM/COADS data. The wind stress is used in a numerical ocean model to simulate ocean currents, which are compared to a drifting-buoy observed climatology. The modeled South Equatorial Current agrees better with observations between March–May and June–August. Between December–February, the South Equatorial Current from UWM/COADS and QuikSCAT experiments is stronger and more developed than that from NCEP/NCAR experiment. The Brazil Current, in turn, is better represented in the QuikSCAT experiment. Comparison of the annual migration of ITCZ at 20° and 30°W in UWM/COADS and NCEP/NCAR data sources show that the southernmost position of ITCZ at 30°W in February, March and April coincides with the rainy season in NE Brazil, while the northernmost position of ITCZ at 20°W in August coincides with the maximum rainfall of Northwest Africa.     

Volume transport of the Soya Warm Current revealed by bottom-mounted ADCP and ocean-radar measurement

The vertical structure of the Soya Warm Current (SWC) was observed by a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in the region of the SWC axis near the Soya Strait during a 1-year period from May 2004. The ADCP data revealed a marked seasonal variability in the vertical structure, with positive (negative) vertical shear in summer and fall (winter and spring). The volume transport of the SWC is estimated on the basis of both the vertical structure observed by the ADCP and horizontal structure observed by the ocean radars near the strait. The transport estimates have a minimum in winter and a maximum in fall, with the yearly-averaged values in the range of 0.94–1.04 Sv (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹). These lie within a reasonable range in comparison to those through other straits in the Japan Sea.     

中国古代海洋小说的发展轨迹及其审美特征

以中国古代海洋小说为考察对象,探寻其发展存在的"植物"、"万花筒"、"白天黑夜"三大模式和遥望性、寓言性、笔记性、程式性四种审美特征,认为它们是中国古代海洋小说独特的文学品质。     

青藏高原古洋壳恢复与重建问题讨论

通过雅鲁藏布江和北祁连山南北两个典型蛇绿岩带的研究实践,作者提出并讨论了构造背景与岩石地层相结合、结构构造特征与矿物岩石分析相结合、物理化学成因与区域地质工作相结合、岩石类型年代学与地层年代学研究相结合的蛇绿岩研究思想,以及综合恢复重建古洋壳的古地磁资料分析、扩张速度分析、俯冲速率分析和古生物地理环境分析4种方法,并提供了青藏高原主要古大洋区的有关特征数据。