500m深度拖曳系统的设计与试验

针对500 m波浪式拖曳系统的技术要求,介绍了拖体、流线型拖缆、电控绞车和总控程序4个关键部分的设计;根据海上的试验情况,分析了拖体的缆深比和定深拖曳等数据,表明本系统达到预期要求,可以为上层海洋学的调查与观测提供良好的平台。     

Kirchhoff波场延拓在OBC记录海水层基准面校正中的应用

莺歌海盆地是南海西北部一个重要的含气盆地,大量含气带导致了常规地震资料中出现纵波地震反射模糊带,海底电缆(OBC)探测被作为揭示该区含气带特征的新方法。OBC探测能够提供更多的信息,然而由于它具有不同于海面拖缆观测方式:它的炮点和检波点不在一个基准面上,地震波沿不对称路径传播,不能直接采用常规地震数据处理方法处理,为此需要进行基准面校正将炮点和检波点校正到同一基准面上。常用的基准面校正方法包括静校正、Kirchhoff波场延拓法等,文章采用Kirchhoff波场延拓法对莺歌海盆地的OBC资料做基准面校正,并与静校正方法对比,结果表明,静校正方法对浅层速度分析造成的误差较大,超过10%;Kirchhoff波场延拓则保持了正确速度,并得到了目标基准面的正确波场。     

海洋天然气水合物三维地震与海底地震勘探中的震源技术研究

三维地震与海底地震勘探技术愈来愈广泛应用于海洋天然气水合物调查中.为了获取高品质的纵波、转换横波等地震信息,揭示天然气水合物地层的速度结构异常,地震震源是决定调查成功与否的关键技术之一.本文对激发频宽、输出、气泡效应等震源特性及组合技术进行了综合研究,设计了一种新型的GI枪点震源系统,并于2006-2009年期间在南海北部某海域进行一系列试验.试验效果的综合对比表明:震源优化技术的应用明显提高了地震纵波的地层穿透深度,并改善了海底地震仪(OBS)纵波及转换横波的接收效果.     

采用射线追踪法的天然气水合物海底地震观测系统设计

射线追踪法是以建立的地下地质模型为基础,研究不同的激发点发出的射线经地下地质界面反射后可以被接收到的信息,从而了解不同的观测系统对于特定地质条件地震资料采集的效果,对于海上地震采集相关参数的确定十分关键.在天然气水合物地震勘探中,丰富的多波勘探信息对于查清水合物内部速度结构、提高地层的分辨率具有重要意义.本文在分析国外天然气水合物海底地震仪(OBS,ocean bottom seismometer)勘探的应用成果基础上,采用射线追踪法理论计算和海上实验,实现了针对天然气水合物的海底地震观测系统设计,试验获得了转换横波记录,取得了良好的应用效果.     

集成深拖与AUV对洋中脊热液喷口的联合探测

热液喷口探测是目前国际上的热点,探测技术方法也多种多样。阐述了集成深拖与自治水下机器人(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)探测技术,重点介绍了集成深拖的组合特性。针对热液喷口的探测需求,根据集成深拖与AUV两种方法的优点,提出两种技术方法的联合探测。以一个实际探测的区块为例,讨论了两种方法联合探测的实效性。指出该技术方法可更快速地探测热液的异常范围,同时可降低AUV下潜的盲目性,也可以减少AUV的下潜次数,节约了海上调查时间,提高探测效率。最后指出了现场探测与数据分析需进行深拖位置校正和关注底流及地形对热液羽状流空间分布的影响两个重要问题,为未来的热液探测提供了指导作用。     

2010年《海洋测绘》论文综述

针对2010年《海洋测绘》刊载的论文情况,从海洋测绘学科发展角度,对海洋测量、海图制图与地理空间信息、海岸海洋遥感、潮汐潮流观测与数据处理等专业的发展现状,进行了归纳总结和简要分析评述.旨在为广大测绘工作者提供参考.     

Role of Western Pacific Oceanic Variability in the Onset of the Bay of Bengal Summer Monsoon

The influence of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean heat content on the onset of the Bay of Bengal summer monsoon(BOBSM) onset was investigated using atmospheric data from the NCEP and ocean subsurface temperature data from the Japan Metorology Agency(JMA).Results showed that the onset time of the BOBSM is highly related to the tropical Pacific upper ocean heat content(HC),especially in the key region of the western Pacific warm pool(WPWP),during the preceding winter and spring.When the HC anomalies in the WPWP are positive(negative),the onset of the BOBSM is usually early(late).Accompanied by the variation of the convection activity over the WPWP,mainly induced by the underlying ocean temperature anomalies,the Walker circulation becomes stronger or weaker.This enhances or weakens the westerly over the tropical Indian Ocean flowing into the BOB in the boreal spring,which is essential to BOBSM onset.The possible mechanism of influence of cyclonic/anti-cyclonic circulation over the northwestern tropical Pacific on BOBSM onset is also discussed.     

A global ocean reanalysis product in the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project

The first version of a global ocean reanalysis over multiple decades (1979–2008) has been completed by the National Marine Data and Information Service within the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project. The global ocean model employed is based upon the ocean general circulation model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A sequential data assimilation scheme within the framework of 3D variational (3DVar) analysis, called multi-grid 3DVar, is implemented in 3D space for retrieving multiple-scale observational information. Assimilated oceanic observations include sea level anomalies (SLAs) from multi-altimeters, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from remote sensing satellites, and in-situ temperature/salinity profiles. Evaluation showed that compared to the model simulation, the annual mean heat content of the global reanalysis is significantly approaching that of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) data. The quality of the global temperature climatology was found to be comparable with the product of Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), and the major ENSO events were reconstructed. The global and Atlantic meridional overturning circulations showed some similarity as SODA, although significant differences were found to exist. The analysis of temperature and salinity in the current version has relatively larger errors at high latitudes and improvements are ongoing in an updated version. CORA was found to provide a simulation of the subsurface current in the equatorial Pacific with a correlation coefficient beyond about 0.6 compared with the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring data. The mean difference of SLAs between altimetry data and CORA was less than 0.1 m in most years.     

A study of planetary wave errors in a spectral numerical weather prediction model

Abstract

A series of fifteen 96‐h forecasts made with a spectral numerical weather prediction model is studied with reference to errors in the planetary wavelengths. The major contributor to the short (less than 48‐h) range forecast error is identified as an external mode. The medium range forecast error (96 h) is internal in character and reflects a deficiency in the simulation of the quasi‐stationary components.     

Ocean temperature responses to Typhoon Mstsa in the East China Sea

The MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, with 21 layers in the vertical and （1/8） °horizontal resolution, was employed to investigate the oceanic responses to Typhoon Mstsa which traversed the East China Sea （ECS） during the period of 4 - 6 August, 2005. Numerical experiment results are analyzed and compared with observation. The responses of the sea surface temperature （SST）, in a focused area of （27° -29°N, 121° - 124°E）, include heating and cooling stages. The heating is mainly due to warm Kuroshio water transportation and downwelling due to the water accumulation. In the cooling stage, the amplitude of the simulated cold wake （ -3℃ ）, located on the right side of this typhoon track, is compared quite well with that of the satellite observed SST data. The wave-induced mixing（Bv） plays a key role for the SST cooling. Bv still plays a leading role, which accounts for 36%, for the ocean temperature drop in the upper ocean of 0 - 40 m, while the upwelling is responsible for 84% of the cooling for the lower layer of 40 - 70 m. The mixed layer depth （MLD） increased quickly from 28 to 50 m in the typhoon period. However, the simulated MLD without the wave-induced vertical mixing, evolution from 13 to 32 m, was seriously underestimated. The surface wave is too important to be ignored for the ocean responses to a typhoon.