利用全球海潮模型确定海图深度基准面

比较并分析了FES99潮汐模型和NAO.99Jb潮汐模型在浙江近海的精度;利用调和分析法计算了浙江近海的8个主要分潮和3个浅水分潮的调和常数;研究了浙江近海海图深度基准面的计算方法;利用长期验潮站资料验证了本文方法的可靠性与准确性;利用径向基函数方法格网化了经验潮站海图深度基准值加密后的数据,最终得到了浙江近海分辨率为2.5'×2.5'的海图深度基准面模型.     

沉积岩型层状铜矿床研究进展

沉积岩型层状铜矿床是全球第二重要的铜矿类型,重要性仅次于斑岩型铜矿床。并且,它们常伴生一定规模的钴、银、铅、锌、铀、金、铂族元素等其他金属资源。其矿体通常呈层状、似层状发育在沉积盆地的还原性岩石或地层中。大多数沉积岩型层状铜矿床形成于围岩的成岩作用或者成岩晚阶段,但也经常会受到成矿后变质作用、变形作用的改造,发生成矿物质的活化一再沉淀。原生成矿作用的发生通常要经历成矿流体(低温、中—高盐度、含硫)在矿体下盘的红层中持续、长期的循环,萃取铜等金属元素,随后沿着盆地边界断裂迁移至盆地还原性地层中或者被迁移的还原性物质(石油、天然气)还原而发生铜等成矿物质的沉淀。超大规模的层状铜矿化可能对应地球地质历史时期特殊的地质事件和地质条件,其中包括超大陆裂解、炎热干旱的古气候、大氧化事件以及冰期和富镁的海洋等。     

不同接种密度条件下海洋酸化对坛紫菜叶状体的生理生态影响

人工栽培的坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)具有重要的经济意义和生态功能,非常有必要研究海洋酸化对坛紫菜的影响.本研究通过充入高CO2浓度(1000×10-6)的空气模拟海洋酸化,探讨了不同接种密度条件下海洋酸化对坛紫菜叶状体的生理生态学效应.结果表明,长约1 cm的叶状体接种密度从1株/dm3提高到3株...     

海洋探测拖鱼水平位置改正方法研究

对目前生产实际中遇到的磁力探头水平位置改正方法进行研究和改进,通过合理利用船艏向数据,引入角度因子改进已有直接概算法,并结合拖曳概算法,形成改进的拖鱼水平位置改正方法。此方法是在已有改正方法的基础上获得,具有较好可靠性,且由于其计算方法不复杂,对输入数据要求不高,利于在实际生产中应用。通过模型和实测数据验证,该方法对提高磁测数据精度有一定效果,可以在今后处理任务中加以利用。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711300114X

正The Precambrian shields and associated suture zones of the globe preserve important records of continental growth and destruction,the formation and closure of ocean basins,and the early evolution of the Earth in terms of tectonics,resources,and environment.They also offer critical clues on the nature and style     

氧同位素在海洋磷酸盐研究中的应用

海洋中磷酸盐的氧同位素组成不但记录现代海水磷循环的信息(磷酸盐的来源和生物地球化学作用),还记录古环境的信息。因此,利用氧同位素研究海洋磷酸盐正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。本文综述了利用磷酸盐氧同位素研究方法及其在现代海洋环境与古海洋的应用进展,展示了中国海洋磷酸盐氧同位素研究现状,提出了今后的研究方向。     

Exploring aberrant bivalve shell ultrastructure and geochemistry as proxies for past sea water acidification

Throughout much of Earth's history, marine carbonates have represented one of the most important geological archives of environmental change. Several pivotal events during the Phanerozoic, such as mass extinctions or hyperthermal events have recently been associated with ocean acidification. Nevertheless, well‐defined geological proxies for past ocean acidification events are, at best, scarce. Here, experimental work explores the response of bivalve shell ultrastructure and isotope geochemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ²⁶Mg) to stressful environments, in particular to sea water acidification. In this study, the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was cultured (from early juvenile stages to one year of age) at four pH regimes (pH_NBS 7·2 to pH 8·0). Shell growth rate and ultrastructure of mainly the calcitic portion of the shells were compared between experimental treatments. Specimens exposed to low‐pH environments show patches of disordered calcitic fibre orientation in otherwise well‐structured shells. Furthermore, the electron backscattered diffraction analyses reveal that, under acidified conditions, the c‐axis of the calcite prisms exhibits a bimodal or multi‐modal distribution pattern. Similar shell disorder patterns have been reported from mytilids kept under naturally acidified sea water conditions. In contrast, this study found no evidence that different pH regimes affect shell carbon, oxygen or magnesium isotope ratios. Based on these observations, it is proposed that: (i) stressful environments, in this case low sea water pH, predictably affect bivalve biomineralization patterns; and (ii) these findings bear potential as a novel (petrographic) proxy for ancient sea water acidification. An assessment of the applicability of these data to well‐preserved fossil shell material from selected time intervals requires additional work.     

The response of the Gulf of Mexico to wind and heat flux forcing: What has been learned in recent years?

The Loop Current and its shed eddies dominate the circulation and dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) basin. Those eddies are strongly energetic and are the cause of intense currents that may penetrate several hundred meters deep. However, there are regions in the GoM and periods of time in which the local atmospheric forcing plays an important role in its dynamics and thermodynamics. The circulation on the shelves, and particularly on the inner shelf, is mainly wind-driven with seasonality, changing direction during the year with periods of favorable upwelling/downwelling conditions. The wind-driven circulation is associated with the transport of waters with different temperature and salinity characteristics from one region to another. The interannual variability of the circulation on the shelves is linked to the atmospheric variability. Intraseasonal variability of the wind patterns considerably affects the likelihood and magnitude of upwelling and downwelling. The geometry of the GoM is such that large-scale winds may drive opposing upcoast/downcoast currents along different parts of the curving coast, resulting in convergence or divergence zones. The width of the shelves in the GoM is variable;while the West Florida Shelf, the Texas-Louisiana shelf and the Campeche Bank are more than 200 km wide, they are narrower near Veracruz and Tabasco. Another consequence of the GoM physiography and the wind forcing is the development of cross-shelf transports in the southern Bay of Campeche, the southern Texas shelf and southeast of the Mississippi river, which in turn vary during the year. During autumn-winter (from September to April), the GoM is affected by cold fronts coming from the northwest United States, which are associated with strong, dry, and cold winds that mix its waters and generate large sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere. These frontal passages also cool the GoM surface waters due to mixing with lower temperature subsurface waters. During summer, tropical cyclones crossing the GoM can dramatically affect circulation and coastal upwelling.     

大陆花岗岩的地球动力学意义

大陆花岗岩的地球动力学意义是一个有争议的话题。笔者认为,花岗岩可分为大洋和大陆两个系列,产于洋盆内及其边缘的花岗岩属于大洋系列,产于大陆内(不包括造山带)的花岗岩属于大陆系列。大洋系列花岗岩最重要的地球动力学意义是判断花岗岩形成的构造环境;大陆系列花岗岩最重要的地球动力学意义是判断地壳状况,包括花岗岩形成时的地壳厚度和温度状况。花岗岩按照Sr-Yb含量可分为埃达克型、喜马拉雅型、浙闽型、广西型和南岭型5类。产于大陆内的不同类型的花岗岩与其形成的深度有关:埃达克型花岗岩富Sr贫Yb,与榴辉岩相处于平衡,产于加厚的地壳;喜马拉雅型花岗岩贫Sr和Yb,与麻粒岩相处于平衡,产于较厚的地壳;浙闽型(贫Sr富Yb)和广西型(富Sr和Yb)花岗岩与角闪岩相处于平衡,产于正常或较薄的地壳;南岭型花岗岩也与角闪岩相处于平衡,地壳厚度最薄。喜马拉雅型花岗岩属于低温系列,浙闽型花岗岩为中或高温系列,广西型和南岭型花岗岩属于高温系列。埃达克型花岗岩则可以出现在各个温度系列。应用花岗岩分类可以恢复古代地壳厚度和下地壳底部温度状况,还可以追踪某些地区随时间变化地壳厚度和温度变化的情况和趋势。     

两种孔径网具对大洋微(小)型浮游植物调查结果的影响——以西南印度洋海域第34次大洋春季航次为例

浮游植物拖网是海洋浮游植物调查的重要工具,不同网具可以导致不同的调查结果。为研究两种孔径网具对大洋浮游植物调查的影响,于2015年4~5月在西南印度洋分别用筛绢孔径为20和77 μm的两种浮游生物网在多个站位进行浮游植物采样。对采集的样品进行浮游植物鉴定,分析比较了两者浮游植物的物种数、细胞丰度、物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势种。结果表明,在相同采样站位,筛绢孔径为20 μm网采样品鉴定得到的平均物种数、平均细胞丰度和平均物种丰富度分别是筛绢孔径为77 μm网采样品的2.7、17和2倍,呈显著差异。但两种网采样品的平均多样性指数和平均均匀度指数都无显著差异。此外,筛绢孔径为20 μm网采样品中有9种优势种,而筛绢孔径为77 μm网采样品中有11种优势种,其中共同的优势种有6种。以上结果说明在寡营养海域使用20 μm孔径的网具可以获得更为全面的浮游植物信息。