Evaluating the impact and significance of meteorological factors upon dust storm occurrence

In this article, the quantitative impact and significance of factors on dust storm occurrence have been analyzed in detail, based on spring daily data sets of 17 meteorological factors and dust storm records during the period of 1954–2005 for 60 gauge stations distributed over Gansu Province of China. Results show that daily mean and maximum wind speeds and evaporation have a positive effect on dust storm occurrence, i.e., their increase can result in an increase of dust storm occurrence. Inversely, daily mean and minimum relative humidity, lowest surface air pressure, vapor pressure and number of sunny hours have a negative effect on dust storm occurrence. However, daily mean and highest surface air pressure; mean, highest and lowest surface air temperature; and precipitation of 20:00–08:00, 08:00–20:00 and 20:00–20:00 have a positive effect on dust storm occurrence in some places but negative in other places. On average, daily maximum and mean wind speeds, direction of the maximum wind, number of sunny hours and evaporation have a significant effect on dust storm occurrence in Gansu Province, but precipitation of 20:00–08:00, 08:00–20:00 and 20:00–20:00, and mean surface air pressure and temperature all have a minor influence upon dust storm occurrence.     

旅游发展对少数民族妇女家庭地位变迁的影响研究——基于云南石林五棵树村和月湖村的对比分析

民族村寨旅游业发展对少数民族妇女产生了深刻影响,过往研究仅限于少数民族妇女角色和旅游参与的简单阐述。在社会性别分析框架下,以云南石林旅游发展多年的五棵树村和未发展旅游的月湖村的撒尼妇女为研究对象,通过问卷调查和深度访谈,对比分析旅游发展对民族村寨妇女家庭地位的影响。研究发现:旅游发展使得少数民族妇女的当家权力、决策权力不断增强,夫妻共同当家、共同决定家庭事务、共同承担家务劳动成为旅游村寨村民的共识。     

矿井瓦斯突出预测构造动力学方法研究现状及展望

在相当长的时期内,煤炭作为我国的主导能源依然不可替代,但我国煤炭生产巨大的产能与煤矿瓦斯突出之间的矛盾使煤矿安全生产依然面临着十分严峻的形势和挑战。在系统分析瓦斯突出预测现状的基础上,总结归纳了现存的突出问题,提出了以构造演化为主线的瓦斯突出构造动力学预测方法与思路,期望通过多学科的交叉和多技术的融合,形成瓦斯突出预测构造动力学理论方法及综合探测技术体系,为煤矿瓦斯突出预测提供重要理论依据和技术支撑。     

西藏雄村斑岩铜金矿床金的赋存状态及其意义

西藏雄村斑岩铜金矿床是冈底斯成矿带上新发现的超大型斑岩铜金矿床,矿床由3个串珠状分布的矿体组成,Ⅰ号矿体和Ⅱ号矿体勘探程度最高,两个矿体中金的资源量总和可达246吨,其中以Ⅰ号矿体中金的品位最高。本文采用显微镜观察、扫描电镜、电子探针、模拟计算等测试分析方法详细研究了Ⅰ号矿体中金的赋存状态、迁移特征及其意义。结果表明,Ⅰ号矿体中金以银金矿为主,并见少量或微量的金银矿、硫铋金矿、碲铋银金矿。金主要以微细粒金包裹于黄铜矿中或分布在黄铜矿边缘,磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿以及闪锌矿中含少量的金矿物,金主要来源于金属硫化物的出溶,而次生氧化带中可见微细粒金分布在硅酸盐矿物中,分布在硅酸盐矿物中的金矿物与次生氧化富集作用有关。金的矿物颗粒粒径变化较大,以分布在黄铜矿中或边缘的金矿物粒度最大,而分布在次生氧化带中的金粒度最小,大部分小于1μm。上述赋存特征指示,雄村Ⅰ号矿体中金主要分布在黄铜矿边缘,同时依据Simon的实验数据拟合得出,高温环境下金可无限混溶在铜-铁熔融体中,随着温度的降低,金属熔融体中金的含量呈数量级下降,因此随着温度的降低金发生出溶而向外迁移。磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿以及闪锌矿中金可能形成于此过程,同时位于矿区西北侧的浅成低温热液型洞嘎金矿中金也可能形成于上述过程。     

陕西省石头河一带土壤及植物富硒特征

土壤硒的丰缺与人类和动物的健康密切相关,依据李家熙的土壤硒含量划分标准,石头河地区存在中硒土壤(0.2~0.4×10-6)和富硒土壤(0.4×10-6)。小麦籽实分析均为富硒小麦,与富硒土壤关系密切。硒形态分析表明土壤中硒的强/弱有机结合态、水溶态、残渣态、铁锰结合态、碳酸盐结合态含量变化均为:水稻土水系沉积物褐土。硒的全量及形态含量受pH值影响较大,在酸性土壤中施加一定量的CaCO3,可提高土壤的pH值,增加硒的溶解度,有利于提高植物对土壤硒的吸收。     

紫金山矿区南山坪矿段承压水储存规律研究

紫金山矿区南山坪矿段岩浆岩分布约占矿段面积的90％,主要为燕山晚期中细粒花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩和似斑状花岗闪长岩,次为燕山早期中粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩和中细粒花岗岩,脉岩及次火山岩脉。通过对矿段内地质特征、富水性、断裂构造导水特征及水质检验成果等资料分析研究,初步揭露了矿段内硫化物矿床承压水形成原因与储存规律。     

一种三点法求隐伏活动断层产状的计算方法

求解三点问题的传统方法是作图法.目前缺乏利用初等几何学求解三点问题的完整计算方法.本次研究基于三点法的原理,利用初等几何学知识推导了求断层面倾角、倾向和走向的计算公式.断层面倾角计算公式是以已知三点之间水平距离和三点之间高差为变量的代数表达式.断层面倾向或走向计算公式是以已知三点之间水平距离、三点之间高差和三点连线的方...     

Assessing the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Countries along the Belt and Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (B&R Initiative) is a crucial strategy to promote regional sustainable development in the new era. However, the realization of the B&R Initiative faces huge challenges because of the dual characteristics of a fragile eco-environment and strong dependence on ecological resources for economic development in the Belt and Road (B&R) countries. The ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is a crucial indicator for evaluating regional sustainable development. From the perspective of the relationship between the supply and consumption of ecological resources, this study uses net primary productivity data to measure the supply capacity of ecological resources, and it uses the agricultural production and trade data provided by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization to measure the level of ecological resource consumption. These supply and consumption data are then used to assess the ECC and ecological carrying status (ECS) of the B&R countries in 2017. The results show that: (1) The ECC of the B&R is 11.097 billion people; the ecosystem can also support 6.433 billion people, and the ECC is in a state of rich and surplus. (2) The ECS is polarized among the regions and countries along the B&R. Of the 65 countries, the ECC of 40 countries is in a rich and surplus state, mainly in Mid-East Europe and Southeast Asia, while the ECC of 19 countries is in severe overload, mainly in West Asia/Middle East. (3) Although the ecosystems still have ample carrying space in countries along the B&R, ecological protection is still facing enormous challenges during the implementation of the B&R Initiative combined with the internationally recognized ecological protection standards as well as the forecasts of the population and economic development. As the core content of building a new international trade network, the B&R Initiative will help to solve the spatial mismatch between the supply and consumption of ecological resources, which provides a new opportunity to coordinate the contradiction between the ecological protection and social demands of the B&R countries.     

贵州织金磷矿床中离子吸附型稀土的存在及初步定量

近年来研究表明贵州织金磷块岩矿床中伴生丰富的稀土主要以类质同象形式存在,其主要依据为稀土总量与磷含量的正相关性,而对独立稀土矿物与离子吸附型稀土两种赋存状态的认识目前仍然不清楚。本文通过利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)稀土元素全分析、磷钼酸喹啉重量法磷分析、岩矿鉴定与实验室选矿试验等方法对该矿床中伴生稀土的赋存规律进行了研究。岩矿鉴定表明矿石中主要矿物成分为胶磷矿并含少量黏土矿物,但未发现独立的稀土矿物;磷与稀土全分析显示稀土总量及各分量都与磷含量呈正相关,从而验证并进一步表明了稀土主要以类质同象形式存在于胶磷矿中。通过研究原矿经选别后稀土与磷在精矿、尾矿和选液(尾矿水)中的分配对比及两者的含量关系来探讨稀土的赋存规律,结果显示磷仅分配于精矿和尾矿中未发生损失,而11.98%的稀土在强电解质硫酸盐的作用下从原矿中解离出来进入了选液,推断这部分稀土在原矿中未进入矿物晶格,而是呈离子态吸附于矿物表面,初步认为漫长时限与潮湿条件下的充分风化作用以及胶磷矿与黏土矿物所充当的吸附载体发挥了作用,表明织金磷矿中稀土总量的11.98%以离子吸附状态存在。综合各分析结果,织金磷矿伴生稀土各赋存状态中类质同象占主导,未发现独立稀土矿物,而离子吸附型稀土占一定的比例,故将稀土的离子吸附形式列为仅次于类质同象的第二大赋存状态。     

中国金矿资源现状与潜力分析

本文以全国金矿矿产资源潜力评价成果为基础,从我部金矿勘查、利用情况对我国黄金矿产的资源现状进行了综合分析,总结了我国基础地质和矿产勘查的地质工作程度和近年来地质勘查进展,通过与国外勘查技术及勘查现状的对比分析,结合矿床发现的规律,分析了我国黄金资源潜力,为我国黄金矿产资源勘查工作部署提出了参考性建议。