气候变化感知对城市居民冰雪旅游环境责任行为的影响机制——以北京市为例

冰雪旅游是推动冰雪经济与旅游产业高质量融合发展的重要途径,现已成为文旅产业中最具潜力的领域之一。然而在全球气候变化的影响下,冰雪旅游发展面临严峻挑战。文章以北京市为例,运用结构方程模型对冰雪旅游情境中城市居民的气候变化感知、感知价值、旅游意向和环境责任行为等变量间的影响关系及其形成机制进行分析。研究发现：(1)气候变化感知分为气候变化表征和气候变化风险两个维度,且两者显著正向影响冰雪旅游感知价值。同时,气候变化风险显著正向影响旅游者环境责任行为。(2)冰雪旅游感知价值显著正向影响冰雪旅游意向和环境责任行为。(3)冰雪旅游意向显著正向影响环境责任行为。(4)旅游经历在气候变化感知对冰雪旅游意向和环境责任行为的影响关系中具有显著的正向调节作用。本研究对厘清冰雪旅游情境下气候变化感知对游客环境责任行为的复杂影响机理具有重要的理论价值,同时也能够在一定程度上为相关部门把握“后冬奥”黄金机遇,推动冰雪旅游高质量发展提供决策参考。     

Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.     

皖西大别山五大水库生态系统服务功能价值评估

根据皖西大别山5大水库水资源特征,将其水生态系统服务划分为直接使用价值和间接使用价值2大类8个小类,以2010年为评价基准年份,运用市场价值法、费用支出法、替代工程法等环境经济价值评估方法,对大别山5大水库生态系统服务功能价值定量评价。研究结果表明,2010年5大水库生态系统服务功能的总价值为60.59亿元,占当年六安市国内生产总值的8.95%,其中直接使用价值为19.62亿元,占总价值的32.41%;间接使用价值为40.97亿元,占总价值的67.59%。调蓄洪水和水资源蓄积的功能价值构成比例高,分别为34.32%和32.51%,水库在防御洪涝灾害和涵养水源方面具有重要的作用。     

上海地区基于静力触探的液化判别分析

上海地区(及其他软土地区)以静探触探作为岩土工程勘察的主要原位测试手段,积累了大量的工程数据,其结果稳定可靠,重现性好,具客观性。采用上海地区静探液化判别方法,对收集的大量资料进行统计分析,以期通过静探Ps值快速、简单地作出地基土是否液化的初步判断,有效指导勘察设计工作。     

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基于随机集合的非传统型有效波极值模型

The analysis and design of offshore structures necessitates the consideration of wave loads. Realistic modeling of wave loads is particularly important to ensure reliable performance of these structures. Among the available methods for the modeling of the extreme significant wave height on a statistical basis, the peak over threshold method has attracted most attention. This method employs Poisson process to character- ize time-varying properties in the parameters of an extreme value distribution. In this paper, the peak over threshold method is reviewed and extended to account for subjectivity in the modeling. The freedom in selecting the threshold and the time span to separate extremes from the original time series data is incorpo- rated as imprecision in the model. This leads to an extension from random variables to random sets in the probabilistic model for the extreme significant wave height. The extended model is also applied to different periods of the sampled data to evaluate the significance of the climatic conditions on the uncertainties of the parameters.     

四川江油枫顺乡大院子Ⅰ号滑坡形成条件和影响因素分析

江油市是受“5·12”地震破坏较为严重的地区之一,枫顺乡大院子I号滑坡形成于地震期间,滑坡的形成是多种因素共同作用下而导致,有内因也有外因,通过研究分析岩土C、Ф值敏感性对滑坡稳定性影响,从而更好地正确认识滑坡形成机制,为滑坡的防治提供参考依据。     

河北邯邢铁矿区矿山环境生态地球化学评价

在河北邯邢西石门及周边铁矿区系统地采集了各类生态环境地球化学样品,包括土壤(n=242)、玉米(n=110)、地表水(n=37)、地下水(n=31)和水系沉积物(n=81)。通过对矿区各样品元素含量特征和元素富集程度的研究,利用区域地球化学基准值和地质累积指数定量评价了矿山污染扰动程度。研究表明,矿区土壤、玉米、地表水、地下水、水系沉积物中相对富集较高的与成矿作用有关的元素及主要的伴生元素,部分重金属元素超标,土壤和水系沉积物中Se、As、Cd、Cu、As、Cd、Cu、Co元素超标,玉米中F、Cr、Cd元素接近食品卫生限值,地表水和地下水部分指标浓度接近三类水质限值。研究表明,造成污染的主要来源是铁矿尾矿沙和煤矸石中的硫化物发生氧化作用,导致重金属淋滤转移,另一来源是燃煤降尘的积聚。     

长江经济带土壤质量评价及产地适宜性初步研究

开展土壤质量评价对科学划定永久基本农田及统筹优化农业生产布局具有重要指导意义。本文采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、分级法、累积频率法和综合判定法,参照《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(试行)(GB 15618—2018)和《绿色食品产地环境质量》(NY/T 391—2013),对长江经济带土壤重金属污染、酸碱度、有益元素丰缺和绿色农产品产地适宜性进行评价。研究区土壤质量总体良好,清洁土壤面积34.84万km²,其重金属含量继承了自然背景特征; 三级及以下土壤面积6.94万km²,呈斑块及星点状分布于赣东北、赣南、湖南长沙—郴州一带、沿江及贵阳、昆明等地,其重金属为自然富集或受矿业开发、煤炭和石油的燃烧及工业“三废”排放的影响。酸性土壤面积33.56万km²,分布于江西、湖南、宁波—台州沿海和金华衢州盆地,碱性土壤面积15.69万km²,分布于苏北平原、环洞庭湖、成都平原以及沿长江一线,其土壤酸碱度与土壤类型有关。土壤有益元素丰缺与第四系沉积物成土母质有关,土壤有益元素适量及以上区域面积34.44万km²,分布于四川阿坝、成都盆地、环洞庭湖、环鄱阳湖、安徽沿江、苏北沿海和杭嘉湖平原; 土壤有益元素缺乏区面积13.89万km²,分布于赣南、江淮、鄂东北以及云南玉溪等地。绿色农产品产地最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区面积分别为22.49万km²、18.78万km²和18.28万km²。依据区内绿色农产品产地适宜性、土壤环境质量和立地条件划分出7片永久农田保护建议区。